Independence, Kansas, United States

🇺🇸 Independence is a city in and the county seat of Montgomery County, Kansas, United States. It was named in commemoration of the Declaration of Independence. It is "home" of Independence Community College.

History Independence was settled on land that was purchased from the Osage Indians in September 1869 by George A. Brown for the price of $50. The Osage were forced to move to Indian Territory (present-day Oklahoma) to make way for white settlement. Brown originally called the townsite Colfax after Schuyler Colfax, vice president under President Ulysses S. Grant. On August 21, 1869 a group of Oswego, Kansas men led by R. W. Wright settled there with the intent to make Independence the county seat. E. E. Wilson and F D. Irwin opened the first store in October 1869, naming it Wilson & Irwin Groceries. Independence was designated county seat in 1870.

On April 17, 1930 the city was the first to use a permanent lighting system for an exhibition baseball game: it was held between the Independence Producers and House of David semi-professional baseball team of Benton Harbor, Michigan. The Independence team won with a score of 9 to 1 before a crowd of 1,700 spectators.

Miss Able, a rhesus monkey, was born at Ralph Mitchell Zoo. Miss Able along with Miss Baker, a squirrel monkey, became the first monkeys that the United States used in its space program to fly in space; they returned alive on May 28, 1959.

Geography Independence is located along the Verdigris River just south of its confluence with the Elk River. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 7.75 square miles (20.07 km²), of which, 7.74 square miles (20.05 km²) is land and 0.01 square miles (0.03 km²) is water.

Demographics The 2020 United States census counted 8,548 people, 3,627 households, and 2,088 families in Independence. The population density was 1,114.6 per square mile (430.4/km²). There were 4,380 housing units at an average density of 571.1 per square mile (220.5/km²). The racial makeup was 79.12% (6,763) white or European American (76.13% non-Hispanic white), 5.5% (470) black or African-American, 1.66% (142) Native American or Alaska Native, 0.88% (75) Asian, 0.05% (4) Pacific Islander or Native Hawaiian, 2.56% (219) from other races, and 10.24% (875) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race was 8.24% (704) of the population.

Of the 3,627 households, 28.5% had children under the age of 18; 36.8% were married couples living together; 32.3% had a female householder with no spouse or partner present. 36.0% of households consisted of individuals and 16.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.1 and the average family size was 2.8. The percent of those with a bachelor’s degree or higher was estimated to be 15.8% of the population.

24.8% of the population was under the age of 18, 7.9% from 18 to 24, 23.8% from 25 to 44, 23.5% from 45 to 64, and 19.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38.9 years. For every 100 females, there were 109.2 males. For every 100 females ages 18 and older, there were 111.3 males.

The 2016-2020 5-year American Community Survey estimates show that the median household income was $38,963 (with a margin of error of +/- $4,924) and the median family income was $50,299 (+/- $5,851). Males had a median income of $31,436 (+/- $4,208) versus $23,707 (+/- $4,084) for females. The median income for those above 16 years old was $27,652 (+/- $3,039). Approximately, 14.7% of families and 21.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 34.3% of those under the age of 18 and 12.0% of those ages 65 or over.

Colleges The Independence Community College main campus is located two miles south of the city. ICC West Campus is located in the city one mile west of the downtown. Each semester, over 1000 students are enrolled at ICC.

Education: Primary and Secondary The community is served by Independence USD 446 public school district. • Independence High School (9–12) • Independence Middle School (6–8) • Jefferson Elementary School (3–5) • Eisenhower Elementary School (PreK–2)

Private schools • Zion Lutheran School (PreK–8) • St. Andrew School (PreK–8) • Independence Bible School (PreK–12).

Special education • Tri-County Education Co-operative, special education (all grades).

Highway transportation Independence is located at the intersection of US-75 and US-160.

Railroad transportation Independence is served by two railroad companies: • The Union Pacific Railroad is one of the largest class one railroads in the United States and operates on the former Missouri Pacific Railroad tracks. The headquarters for Union Pacific is located at Omaha, Nebraska. • The South Kansas and Oklahoma Railroad, which is a short line railroad owned by WATCO Companies based at Pittsburg, Kansas and operates on the former Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway tracks.

Transport: Air The Independence Municipal Airport (IDP) is located 5 miles (8.0 km) south-west of the centre of the city.

Area events • The Neewollah Festival takes place in late October. Neewollah is halloween spelled backwards.

Area attractions • Independence Community College is home to the William Inge Center for the Arts, which maintains the archives of playwright and alumnus, William Inge. The centre utilizes the writer's boyhood home for a playwrights-in-residence program, and sponsors the annual William Inge Festival. Each year during the festival a lifetime achievement award is bestowed on a nationally recognised American playwright. • The State of Kansas designated the childhood home of Laura Ingalls Wilder and the Ingalls family near Independence as a historic site; it is open to visitors. It is the location where the Charles Ingalls family resided between 1869-1871 and is described in his daughter Laura Ingalls Wilder's book Little House on the Prairie. It includes a cabin modeled after the original and the post office that was originally located at nearby Wayside, Kansas. The Sunnyside School, a one-room schoolhouse that was moved to the site, is also featured. Much of the surrounding countryside retains its open and undeveloped nature. Then located on the Osage reservation, the property is now within the boundaries of the William Kurtis Ranch about 13 miles south-west of downtown Independence. • At the 1964 New York World's Fair, Sinclair Oil sponsored a dinosaur exhibit, featuring life-size replicas of nine different dinosaurs. On flatbed trucks, they toured the United States. Headquartered in Independence, Sinclair Pipeline Company, a division of Sinclair Oil, was acquired by Atlantic Richfield (ARCO). After the acquisition by ARCO, one of the nine dinosaurs, the Corythosaurus, was donated to Riverside Park. • Elk City Lake and Elk City State Park are located approximately five miles west of Independence. There are six hiking trails located at Elk City Lake, two of which are notable for receiving a National Trails designation. It is also in this area that the ruins of the Le Hunt cement plant are located, although the site on private property. • Montgomery County State Lake is located approximately 4 miles (6.44 km) south of the city on county road 3600. The lake offers boating and fishing opportunities to the area. • Riverside Park and Ralph Mitchell Zoo is located on East Oak Street between Pennsylvania and Park Streets on the north-east side of the city. The park offers playground, 4-H, and meeting facilities, picnic areas, tennis courts, miniature golf, miniature train, and a merry go round. It is also the location of Emmot Field, the home field for sporting events for the Independence Middle School, Independence High School, and the Independence Community College. The Ralph Mitchell Zoo is the home for many species of mammals and reptiles, and was the homeplace of the rhesus macaque Miss Able, who was chosen by NASA alongside Miss Baker to test out space travel and become the first animals launched into space; she is commemorated with a sign. The park is also home to Shulthis Stadium and Emmot Field, which is the site of the first night baseball game, and the home field where Mickey Mantle began his professional baseball career.