Oroville, California, United States

🇺🇸 Oroville is the county seat of Butte County, California, United States. Following the 2018 Camp Fire that destroyed much of the town of Paradise, the population of Oroville increased as many people who lost their homes relocated to nearby Oroville.

Oroville is considered the gateway to Lake Oroville and Feather River recreational areas. The Berry Creek Rancheria of Maidu Indians of California is headquartered in Oroville.

Oroville is located adjacent to State Route 70, and is in close proximity to State Route 99, which connects Butte County with Interstate 5. The city of Chico is located about 23 miles (38 kilometers) north-west of the city, and the state capital of Sacramento lies around 70 miles (112 kilometers) to the south.

Oroville's nickname is the "City of Gold". Oroville has also been declared a Tree City USA for 41 years by the National Arbor Day Foundation.

History Oroville is located on the banks of the Feather River, which flows from the Sierra Nevada onto the flat floor of the California Central Valley. During the California Gold Rush, it was created as the Feather River's head of navigation to serve gold miners.

The town was originally named "Ophir City", but was later changed to Oroville when the first post office opened in 1854 (oro is the Spanish word for 'gold'). The City of Oroville was incorporated on January 3, 1906.

Gold was found at Bidwell Bar, one of the first gold mining sites in California, bringing thousands of prospectors to the Oroville area seeking riches. Now inundated by the waters of enormous Lake Oroville, which was filled in 1968, Bidwell Bar is memorialized by the Bidwell Bar Bridge, an original remnant from the area and the first suspension bridge in California (California Historical Landmark #314). The Western Pacific Railroad built the all-weather Feather River Canyon route across the Sierra Nevada in the early 20th century, earning it the moniker "The Feather River Route". The California Zephyr would make frequent stops at Oroville station during the course of its 20-year existence. This was included on the Union Pacific Railroad's Feather River Canyon Subdivision in 1983. State Route 70, a significant thoroughfare, runs almost parallel to the train line that winds through the canyon.

The Chinese Temple (CHL No. 770 and listed on the National Register of Historic Places) was built in 1863 to cater to the biggest Chinese colony north of Sacramento. Chinese laborers established the Temple as a place of worship for followers of Chinese folk religion and the three major Chinese religions: Taoism, Buddhism, and Confucianism. It has a large collection of antiques as well as a garden.

The olive-canning industry was founded in Oroville by Freda Ehmann, credited as the "mother of the California ripe olive industry". She built a large cannery in Oroville, and by 1900 was the president of the world's largest canned olive factory. Ehmann was a believer in women's suffrage and a friend of Susan B. Anthony

Ishi, Oroville's most famous resident, was the last of the Yahi people and is considered the last "Stone Age" Indian to come out of the wilderness and into Western civilization. When he appeared out of the hills in East Oroville in 1911, he was immediately thrust into the national spotlight. The Visitor's Center at Lake Oroville has a thorough exhibit and documentary film on Ishi and his life in society.

Archaeological finds place the north-western border for the prehistoric Martis people in the Oroville area.

1881 lynching On August 7, 1881, pioneer Jack Crum was allegedly stomped to death by local bully Tom Noacks in Chico, California. The young Noacks was feared by the locals of Butte County, not only because of his size and strength, but allegedly because he was mentally unbalanced and enjoyed punching oxen in the head.

Noacks was arrested and jailed in the Chico jail. Once word got out that the old pioneer had been murdered, the authorities moved Noacks to the Butte County county jail in Oroville for his safety. Crum's friends, knowing that Noacks was in the county jail, made their way to Oroville with rope in hand. Knocking on the jail door, the men told the jailer that they had a prisoner from the town of Biggs, California. Once inside the jail, they overpowered the jailer and dragged Noacks from his cell. They took Noacks to Crum's former farm and hanged him from an old cottonwood tree. Nobody was ever prosecuted for the lynching.

Hate groups Hate groups began appearing in Oroville media stories beginning in 1976 with a neo-Nazi husband and wife couple killed in a shootout. In 1980, members of the American Nazi Party moved to Oroville from Tracy, California, to re-organize as Chico Area National Socialists. In September 1982, 17-year-old Joseph Hoover was murdered by his Nazi colleagues after he told police he helped spread anti-Black hate literature at Oroville High School. One thousand people marched in Oroville in protest of Nazi and Ku Klux Klan activity on December 11, 1982. Local Nazi leader Perry "Red" Wartham was convicted of Hoover's murder and sentenced to 27 years, and two more male high school–age Nazi recruits were convicted as accessories to murder. In 2016, an Oroville man was found spreading Nazi hate messages in Sacramento. In January 2004, a white power publication was distributed in the Kelly Ridge area south of Oroville.

Oroville Dam crisis On February 7, 2017, after heavy rains, a defect formed in a spillway of Oroville Dam. For the first time since its construction, the secondary spillway was overtopped on February 11. Shortly after being put into service, this structure began to show signs of being undermined, raising fears of catastrophic failure. Owing to their inability to predict the continued safety of this spillway, the Butte County Sheriff ordered evacuations of downstream residents from Butte, Sutter, and Yuba counties.

Geography According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 12.3 square miles (31.9 km²), of which 12.2 square miles (31.6 km²) of it is land and 0.04 square miles (0.1 km²) of it (0.16%) is water.

Oroville is situated at the head of navigation on the Feather River. The Yuba River flows into the Feather River near Marysville, California and these flow together to the Sacramento River. Geologically, Oroville is situated at the meeting place of three provinces: the Central Valley alluvial plain to the west, the crystalline Sierra Nevada to the SE and the volcanic Cascade Mountains to the north. It has a Mediterranean climate.

Oroville sits on the eastern rim of the Great Valley, defined today by the floodplains of the Sacramento River and its tributaries. Around Oroville these sediments are dominated by thick fans of Feather River sediments, but just east of this there is a thin, N–S band of late Cretaceous sediments. These sit on top of the Sierran basement, which beneath eastern Oroville comprise greenschist-facies metavolcanic rocks of Jurassic age, giving way to granites of the Sierra batholith to the east. These are manifestations of a vigorous island arc sequence, built out over an east-dipping subduction zone of mid-to-late Mesozoic age. The gold veins lace this ancient arc, remobilized by Mesozoic shearing and intrusions of igneous rock. The crystalline foothills are locally overlain by a Cenozoic sequence of Eocene clean beach sands overlain by Neogene volcanics, including the Diamond Head-like profile of "Table Mountain".

Economy The economy of Oroville is largely driven by tourism to Lake Oroville and the Feather River recreation areas. The largest industries in Oroville as of 2017 are: Healthcare and Social Assistance (20%), Retail Trade (11%), and Accommodation and Food Service (10%).

As the neighboring city of Chico experiences growth in retail, education, and technology industries, Oroville has experienced population growth associated with commuters attracted to lower property costs, and a smaller cost of living. Recently, Oroville has seen an increase in economic development. Oroville Hospital announced in 2018 a hospital expansion, and in 2019 received $200 million in bonds for a five-story hospital tower expected to be competed in 2022.

Economy: Top employers According to the city's 2020–2021 Annual Comprehensive Financial Report, the top employers in the city include: 1 County of Butte; 2 Oroville Medical Complex; 3 Pacific Coast Producers; 4 Walmart Stores, Inc.; 5 Graphic Packaging International; 5 Walmart Stores, Inc.; 6 Ammunition Accessories; 7 Sierra Pacific Industries; 8 Home Depot USA; 9 City of Oroville; 10 Roplast Industries, Inc; 11 Currier Square Spe LLC.

Tourist Industry • The Oroville Dam is the tallest dam in the US and one of the 20 largest dams in the world. This dam is 770 feet (235 m) tall and 6920 feet (2109 m) long, and it impounds Lake Oroville, which has a capacity of 3,500,000 acre-feet (4.3 km3) of water, making it the second largest reservoir in California. • Lake Oroville is a man-made lake that was formed by the Oroville Dam. At 900 feet (270 m) when full, the lake has a surface of 15,500 acres (6,300 ha) for recreation and 167 miles (269 km) of shoreline. Lake Oroville features an abundance of camping, picnicking, horseback riding, hiking, sail and power boating, water-skiing, fishing, swimming, boat-in camping, floating campsites, and horse camping. • Lake Oroville Visitor Center is located in Kelly Ridge and overlooks the Oroville Dam and Lake Oroville. The visitor centre is home to a museum with interpretive displays, the history of the dam and the State Water Project. A 47-foot (14 m) viewing tower allows the visitor the opportunity to have a panoramic view of the lake and surrounding areas. • Mother Orange Tree, located in Oroville, is the oldest of all Northern California orange trees. • The Feather River Fish Hatchery raise Chinook salmon and steelhead along the Feather River. The annual Oroville Salmon Festival is held on the fourth Saturday of September at both the Hatchery and downtown Oroville. • Riverbend Park is a 210-acre (85 ha) park on the Feather River established in 2006. The river features boat access and fishing. Other available activities include disc golf, running and walking trails, a river beach, and water fountains to play in on hot days. • Brad Freeman Bike Trail – a 41-mile (66 km) bike trail running along the Feather River up to the dam, down through the city then out to the Thermalito Forebay and Afterbay. • Oroville Chinese Temple – built in 1863 by members of the Chinese Popular Religion.

The Oroville Municipal Airport is located south of State Route 162 west of State Route 70.

Parks and recreation Oroville has several parks featuring playgrounds, picnic tables and benches.

Parks • Riverbend Park • Bedrock Park • The C.F. Lott Home in Sank Park – A Victorian revival home built in 1856 by "Judge" Lott. Sank Park, a lush shaded garden with a gazebo, encompasses an entire city block that Judge Lott bought in 1855 for $200 • Hammon Park • Hewitt Park • Rotary Park • Martin Luther King Jr. Park • Playtown USA Park • Gary Nolan Baseball Complex (Mitchell Field) • Nelson Sports Complex • Centennial Park

Trails • Feather River Bike Trail • Brad Freeman Trail • Dan Beebe Trail • North Table Mountain Ecological Reserve • Kelly Ridge Recreation Area

Education The Oroville Union High School District includes all of the greater Oroville area, including many neighbourhoods that are not within the city limits of Oroville. The District includes two traditional high schools, Las Plumas High School and Oroville High School, and Prospect High School, which functions as a continuation/remedial high school. The city also has an adult school, Oroville Adult School.

Several small, rural school districts are in the surrounding areas:

Oroville City Elementary School District Elementary schools • Oakdale Heights Elementary • Ophir Elementary • Stanford Avenue Elementary • Wyandotte Avenue Elementary • STREAM Charter School • Helen Wilcox Elementary School • Golden Hills Elementary • Stockton Elementary; Middle schools • Central Middle School • Ishi Hills Middle School • Palermo Middle School • Nelson Ave Middle School.

Oroville Union High School District High schools • Oroville High School • Las Plumas High School • Prospect High School

Education: University • Oroville Adult School • California State University, Chico (in Chico, 24 miles (39 km) north-west of Oroville) • Butte Community College • Northwest Lineman College

Media Oroville is home to KOYO-LP, a low-power community radio station owned and operated by the Bird Street Arbor Day Media Project. The station was built by numerous volunteers from Oroville and around the region in April 2002 at the second Prometheus Radio Project barnraising. KOYO-LP broadcasts music, news, and public affairs to listeners at 107.1FM.

Hospital Oroville Hospital is a general acute care hospital and offers basic emergency care located in the City of Oroville.

Fire department The Oroville Fire Department is responsible for calls within the city jurisdiction of approximately 13 square miles (34 km²).

Superfund sites Oroville has three designated superfund cleanup sites, two of which have been cleaned up and delisted: a Koppers Co. wood treatment plant, a Louisiana Pacific sawmill, and the Western Pacific railyard.

The Koppers Co. plant was listed on September 21, 1984, for pentachlorophenol (PCP), dioxin, furan, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH), and heavy metals (copper, chromium, and arsenic) contamination due to chemicals spilled on unpaved areas.

The Louisiana-Pacific sawmill was listed on June 10, 1986, for pentachlorophenol PCP, dioxin, furan, heavy metals (arsenic, boron, and copper), and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) contamination. Following remediation, the site was delisted on November 21, 1996. The sawmill was shut down in 2001.

The Western Pacific Railroad yard was listed on August 30, 1990, for volatile organic compound (VOC) and heavy metals (arsenic, lead, and chromium) contamination. Following remediation, the site was delisted on August 29, 2001.