Jongno, Seoul Capital Area, Sudogwon, South Korea

🇰🇷 Jongno District (Korean: 종로구, romanized: Jongno-gu) is a district (Korean: 구, romanized: gu) in central Seoul, South Korea. It takes its name from a major local street, Jongno, which means "Bell Road".

Characteristics Jongno District has been the centre of the city for 600 years, since it is where the Joseon dynasty established its capital city. Jongno District is commonly referred to as the face and heart of Korea because of its important roles in the politics, economics, culture, and history as the capital city. Jongno District is home to palaces in which the kings used to reside and work, such as Gyeongbok Palace, Changdeok Palace, Changgyeonggung and Unhyeon Palace. The South Korean president's former residence, the Cheongwadae, is also located in the Jongno District.

Due to its rich history, Jongno District attracts visitors and tourists, especially those interested in Korean history and culture. These include the restored Cheonggyecheon stream, the traditional neighborhood of Insa-dong, and the Jongmyo shrine. Art Center Nabi and Gahoe Museum, a relics museum is also located in the district. A number of colleges and universities are located here; these include the main campuses of Sungkyunkwan University and Baehwa Women's College.

Jongno District is also home to Jogyesa, the chief temple of the Jogye Order of Korean Buddhism.

The area is also home to the Gwanghwamun Plaza, a public open space on Sejongno, and is part of the Seoul Metropolitan Government's plans for environmentally friendly renovation projects such as the Cheonggye Stream and Seoul Plaza. It is also of historical significant as the location for royal administrative buildings and features statue of the Admiral Yi Sun-sin of Joseon Dynasty and statue of King Sejong the Great of Joseon.

History: Hanyang Jongno district was historically the centre of Joseon & latterly the Korean Empire and retained its prominence in the modern era after the establishment of the Republic of Korea. Hanyang, the capital of Joseon, included Jongno district and Jung district. In October, 1394 (the third year of King Taejo's reign), Taejo Lee Seong-gye moved his capital from Gaegyeong to Hanyang. The capital of Goryeo, Gaegyeong, had a strong base of traditional forces against Lee Seong-gye. In addition, the topography divination theory states that the new dynasty was unlucky due to its failure, and that it also moved to Hanyang with regard to water transport of rice and military geographical conditions. Following the relocation of the capital city, the Joseon government pushed for the construction of Hanyang, starting with the construction of Jongmyo. The construction of the main palace, Gyeongbok Palace and the separate palace, Changdeok Palace was done. In 1395, it was renamed as Hanyang Department. In 1399 (the first year of King Jeongjong's reign), the capital was moved to Gagyeong for a while because of the Prince's rebellion but, in 1405 (the fifth year of King Taejong's reign), the capital changed back to Hanyang. The city grew into a large city with about 200,000 people at King Sejong's time.

Economy As the traditional heart of Seoul, Jongno's central location continues to attract both local and foreign businesses to set up offices there and remains an important business district. Notable companies based in Jongno include Kumho Asiana Group, Kyobo Life, Lotte Group, SK Group, Hyundai Engineering & Construction, Daewoo E&C, Daelim Group, East Asia Daily and many more. The district also features numerous major business centres and office buildings housing businesses as well as diplomatic missions.

The headquarters of South Korean skincare retailer The Face Shop is located in the LG Gwanghwamun Building on Sinmunno 2-ga.

The head office of Air Seoul is in the Kumho Asiana Main Tower in Sinmunno 1-ga, Jongro Gu.

Culture and tourism Tourism plays a major role in the district's economy. Several of the most well-known attractions are located in the district, as is Gwanghwamun Plaza which attracts huge numbers of tourists every year given its central location. In addition, the tourist areas of Insa-Dong and Bukchon Hanok Village also attract huge numbers of visitors. Another popular tourist destination is Gwangjang Market, previously called Dongdaemun Market. It is one of the oldest traditional markets in the country and is visited by approximately 65,000 each day.

Government Jongno district is considered as the most important district in South Korean politics, as it is located in the heart of Seoul, and thus in the heart of the Republic of Korea. The district is the home to the official residence of the President, the Blue House (Cheongwadae), and two of the three largest plazas in Seoul (the first being Gwanghwamun Plaza, and the other Cheonggye Plaza), making the district the first constituency to appear in the National Election Commission's election statistics, and in exit polls for every nationwide election. Because of the significance in politics the district has, every political party carefully selects its own candidate to run in every election, and even most minor parties nominate their candidates to run in the district while they choose not to nominate candidates in other constituencies in Seoul.

Although Jongno is named as 'district', its residents are entitled to elect their own mayor and form their own district council, as 25 districts in Seoul——including Jongno——have city-equivalent status. The City of Seoul has province-equivalent status and its mayor is regarded as a cabinet-minister-level position. The mayorship is regarded as a higher position than any other provincial governors, as these positions are regarded as deputy minister level positions.

The headquarters of the Ministry of Security and Public Administration is located in the Seoul Government Complex in Jongno District. The third and fourth floors of the same building house the Ministry of Unification.

The headquarters of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs is located in the MOFA Building in Jongno District.

Previously the Ministry of Education had its headquarters in the Central Government Complex in Jongno District. The Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism also had its headquarters in Jongno District. The Ministry of Health and Welfare had its headquarters in the Hyundai Building. The offices of those ministries have moved to Sejong City.

Before merged into another ministry in 2008, the Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries was located in Jongro-gu. It was re-established in Sejong City.

Diplomatic missions Being at the centre of the city, the district hosts numerous foreign embassies. •  Australia •  Austria •  Brazil •  Brunei •  Colombia •  Czech Republic •  Equador •  Finland •   Holy See •  Honduras •  Ireland •  Israel •  Japan •  Jordan •  Marshall Islands •  Mexico •  Oman •  Panama •  Papua New Guinea •  Poland •  Portugal •  Switzerland •  United States •  Venezuela •  Vietnam

District Council The district council serves administrative functions such as Foreign Seal Registration, International Marriage, Adoption, Acknowledgement reports and Alien Registration Certificates for foreigners residing in Jongno District.

Subdivisions Those are some of the district administrative dongs (행정동). • Cheongunhyoja-dong (청운효자동 淸雲孝子洞) • Sajik-dong (사직동 社稷洞) • Samcheong-dong (삼청동 三淸洞) • Buam-dong (부암동 付岩洞) • Pyeongchang-dong (평창동 平倉洞) • Muak-dong (무악동 毋岳洞) • Gyonam-dong (교남동 橋南洞) • Gahoe-dong (가회동 嘉會洞) • Jongno-1.2.3.4 ga-dong (종로1.2.3.4가동 鍾路1.2.3.4街洞) • Jongno-5.6 ga-dong (종로5.6가동 鍾路5.6街洞) • Ihwa-dong (이화동 梨花洞) • Hyehwa-dong (혜화동 惠化洞) • Changsin 1-dong (창신1동 昌信洞) • Changsin 2-dong (창신2동 昌信洞) • Changsin 3-dong (창신3동 昌信洞) • Sungin 1-dong (숭인1동 崇仁洞) • Sungin 2-dong (숭인2동 崇仁洞).

Education: University ◦ Catholic University of Korea, Songsin Campus (Private) ◦ Sangmyung University (Private) ◦ Sungkyunkwan University (Private) ◦ Seoul National University, Yeongeon Campus (Public) ◦ University of North Korean Studies (Private).

International schools ◦ Lycée International Xavier (Private): Available for both elementary and secondary education. ◦ Seoul Global High School (Public).