23 Construction

236115 New Single-Family Housing Construction

This industry comprises general contractor establishments primarily responsible for the entire construction of new single-family housing, such as single-family detached houses and town houses or row houses where each housing unit (1) is separated from its neighbors by a ground-to-roof wall and (2) has no housing units constructed above or below. This industry includes general contractors responsible for the on-site assembly of modular and prefabricated houses. Single-family housing design-build firms and single-family construction management firms acting as general contractors are included in this industry.

Building single-family houses on their own account for sale as speculative builders or merchant builders are classified in U.S. Industry 236117, New Housing For-Sale Builders;

Remodeling or repairing existing houses and other residential buildings are classified in U.S. Industry 236118, Residential Remodelers;

Performing manufactured (mobile) home set up and tie-down work are classified in Industry 238990, All Other Specialty Trade Contractors;

Performing specialized construction work on houses and other residential buildings, generally on a subcontract basis are classified in Subsector 238, Specialty Trade Contractors.

Constructing and leasing residential buildings on their own account are classified in Industry 531110, Lessors of Residential Buildings and Dwellings.

236116 New Multifamily Housing Construction

This industry comprises general contractor establishments primarily responsible for the construction of new multifamily residential housing units (e.g., high-rise, garden, town house apartments, and condominiums where each unit is not separated from its neighbors by a ground-to-roof wall). Multifamily design-build firms and multifamily housing construction management firms acting as general contractors are included in this industry.

Building multifamily buildings on their own account for sale as speculative builders or merchant builders are classified in U.S. Industry 236117, New Housing For-Sale Builders;

Remodeling or repairing existing multifamily housing and other residential buildings are classified in U.S. Industry 236118, Residential Remodelers;

Performing specialized construction work on multifamily housing and other residential buildings, generally on a subcontract basis are classified in Subsector 238, Specialty Trade Contractors.

Constructing and leasing residential buildings on their own account are classified in Industry 531110, Lessors of Residential Buildings and Dwellings.

236117 New Housing For-Sale Builders

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in building new homes on land that is owned or controlled by the builder rather than the homebuyer or investor. The land is included with the sale of the home. Establishments in this industry build single-family and/or multifamily homes. These establishments are often referred to as merchant builders, but are also known as production or for-sale builders.

Building single-family houses for others as general contractors are classified in U.S. Industry 236115, New Single-Family Housing Construction (except For-Sale Builders);

Building multifamily residential buildings for others as general contractors are classified in U.S. Industry 236116, New Multifamily Housing Construction (except For-Sale Builders);

Remodeling or repairing existing houses and other residential buildings, either for others or on own account for sale are classified in U.S. Industry 236118, Residential Remodelers;

Performing specialized construction work on houses or other residential buildings, generally on a subcontract basis are classified in Subsector 238, Specialty Trade Contractors.

Constructing and leasing residential buildings on their own account are classified in Industry 531110, Lessors of Residential Buildings and Dwellings.

236118 Residential Remodelers

This industry comprises establishments primarily responsible for the remodeling construction (including additions, alterations, reconstruction, maintenance, and repairs) of houses and other residential buildings, single-family and multifamily. Included in this industry are remodeling general contractors, for-sale remodelers, remodeling design-build firms, and remodeling project construction management firms.

Building single-family houses for others as general contractors are classified in U.S. Industry 236115, New Single-Family Housing Construction (except For-Sale Builders);

Building multifamily buildings for others as general contractors are classified in U.S. Industry 236116, New Multifamily Housing Construction (except For-Sale Builders);

Building houses or other residential buildings, on their own account for sale as speculative builders or merchant builders are classified in U.S. Industry 236117, New Housing For-Sale Builders;

Remodeling nonresidential buildings are classified in Industry Group 2362, Nonresidential Building Construction, based on the type of structure being remodeled;

Performing specialized construction work on houses or other residential buildings, generally on a subcontract basis are classified in Subsector 238, Specialty Trade Contractors.

Constructing and leasing residential buildings on their own account are classified in Industry 531110, Lessors of Residential Buildings and Dwellings.

236210 Industrial Building Construction

This industry comprises establishments primarily responsible for the construction (including new work, additions, alterations, maintenance, and repairs) of industrial buildings (except warehouses). The construction of selected additional structures, whose production processes are similar to those for industrial buildings (e.g., incinerators, cement plants, blast furnaces, and similar nonbuilding structures), is included in this industry. Included in this industry are industrial building general contractors, industrial building for-sale builders, industrial building design-build firms, and industrial building construction management firms.

Illustrative Examples:

Assembly plant construction
Furnace, industrial plant, construction
Cannery construction
Mine loading and discharging station construction
Cement plant construction
Paper or pulp mill construction
Chemical plant (except petrochemical) construction
Pharmaceutical manufacturing plant construction
Factory construction
Steel mill construction
Food processing plant construction
Waste disposal plant (except sewage treatment) construction

Constructing oil refineries and petrochemical plants are classified in Industry 237120, Oil and Gas Pipeline and Related Structures Construction;

Constructing water treatment plants, sewage treatment plants, and pumping stations for water and sewer systems are classified in Industry 237110, Water and Sewer Line and Related Structures Construction;

Constructing power generation plants (except hydroelectric) are classified in Industry 237130, Power and Communication Line and Related Structures Construction;

Constructing industrial warehouses are classified in Industry 236220, Commercial and Institutional Building Construction.

Performing specialized construction work on industrial buildings, generally on a subcontract basis are classified in Subsector 238, Specialty Trade Contractors.

236220 Commercial and Institutional Building Construction

This industry comprises establishments primarily responsible for the construction (including new work, additions, alterations, maintenance, and repairs) of commercial and institutional buildings and related structures, such as stadiums, grain elevators, and indoor swimming facilities. This industry includes establishments responsible for the on-site assembly of modular or prefabricated commercial and institutional buildings. Included in this industry are commercial and institutional building general contractors, commercial and institutional building for-sale builders, commercial and institutional building design-build firms, and commercial and institutional building project construction management firms.

Illustrative Examples:

Airport building construction
Office building construction
Arena construction
Parking garage construction
Barrack construction
Prison construction
Farm building construction
Radio and television broadcast studio construction
Fire station construction
Religious building (e.g., church, synagogue, mosque, temple) construction
Grain elevator or bin construction
Restaurant construction
Hospital construction
School building construction
Hotel construction
Shopping mall construction
Indoor swimming facility construction
Warehouse construction (e.g., commercial, industrial, manufacturing, private)

Constructing structures that are integral parts of utility systems (e.g., storage tanks, pumping stations) or are used to produce products for these systems (e.g., power plants, refineries) are classified in Industry Group 2371, Utility System Construction, based on the type of construction project;

Performing specialized construction work on commercial and institutional buildings, generally on a subcontract basis are classified in Subsector 238, Specialty Trade Contractors.

Constructing buildings on their own account for rent or lease are classified in Industry Group 5311, Lessors of Real Estate.

237110 Water and Sewer Line and Related Structures Construction

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in the construction of water and sewer lines, mains, pumping stations, treatment plants, and storage tanks. The work performed may include new work, reconstruction, rehabilitation, and repairs. Specialty trade contractors are included in this industry if they are engaged in activities primarily related to water, sewer line, and related structures construction. All structures (including buildings) that are integral parts of water and sewer networks (e.g., storage tanks, pumping stations, water treatment plants, and sewage treatment plants) are included in this industry.

Illustrative Examples:

Distribution line, sewer and water, construction
Sewer main, pipe and connection, construction
Fire hydrant installation
Storm sewer construction
Irrigation systems construction
Water main and line construction
Sewage disposal plant construction
Pumping station, water and sewage system, construction
Water system storage tank and tower construction
Reservoir construction
Water treatment plant construction
Water well drilling, digging, boring, or sinking (except water intake wells in oil and gas fields)

Establishments primarily engaged in constructing marine facilities (e.g., ports), flood control structures, dams, or hydroelectric power generation facilities are classified in Industry 237990, Other Heavy and Civil Engineering Construction.

237120 Oil and Gas Pipeline and Related Structures Construction

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in the construction of oil and gas lines, mains, refineries, and storage tanks. The work performed may include new work, reconstruction, rehabilitation, and repairs. Specialty trade contractors are included in this industry if they are engaged in activities primarily related to oil and gas pipeline and related structures construction. All structures (including buildings) that are integral parts of oil and gas networks (e.g., storage tanks, pumping stations, and refineries) are included in this industry.

Illustrative Examples:

Distribution line, gas and oil, construction
Oil refinery construction
Gas main construction
Petrochemical plant construction
Gathering line, gas and oil field, construction
Pumping station, gas and oil transmission, construction
Natural gas pipeline construction
Storage tank, natural gas or oil, tank farm or field, construction
Natural gas processing plant construction

Building chemical plants (except petrochemical) and similar process or batch facilities are classified in Industry 236210, Industrial Building Construction;

Oil well rig building, repairing, and dismantling, on a contract basis are classified in U.S. Industry 213112, Support Activities for Oil and Gas Operations;

Inspecting pipelines are classified in Industry 541990, All Other Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services.

Mining machinery and equipment repair and maintenance are classified in Industry 811310, Commercial and Industrial Machinery and Equipment (except Automotive and Electronic) Repair and Maintenance.

237130 Power and Communication Line and Related Structures Construction

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in the construction of power lines and towers, power plants, and radio, television, and telecommunications transmitting/receiving towers. The work performed may include new work, reconstruction, rehabilitation, and repairs. Specialty trade contractors are included in this industry if they are engaged in activities primarily related to power and communication line and related structures construction. All structures (including buildings) that are integral parts of power and communication networks (e.g., transmitting towers, substations, and power plants) are included.

Illustrative Examples:

Alternative energy (e.g., geothermal, ocean wave, solar, wind) structure construction
Power line stringing
Cellular phone tower construction
Radio transmitting tower construction
Co-generation plant construction
Satellite receiving station construction
Communication tower construction
Nuclear power plant construction
Telephone line stringing
Electric light and power plant (except hydroelectric) construction
Transformer station and substation, electric power, construction
Electric power transmission line and tower construction
Underground cable (e.g., cable television, electricity, telephone) laying

Constructing hydroelectric generating facilities are classified in Industry 237990, Other Heavy and Civil Engineering Construction;

Constructing broadcast studios and similar nonresidential buildings are classified in Industry 236220, Commercial and Institutional Building Construction;

Performing electrical work within buildings are classified in Industry 238210, Electrical Contractors and Other Wiring Installation Contractors;

Line slashing or cutting (except maintenance) are classified in Industry 238910, Site Preparation Contractors;

Installing and maintaining communication transmission lines performed by telecommunications companies are classified in Subsector 517, Telecommunications;

Locating underground utility lines prior to digging are classified in Industry 561990, All Other Support Services.

Tree and brush trimming for overhead utility lines are classified in Industry 561730, Landscaping Services.

237210 Land Subdivision

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in servicing land and subdividing real property into lots, for subsequent sale to builders. Servicing of land may include excavation work for the installation of roads and utility lines. The extent of work may vary from project to project. Land subdivision precedes building activity and the subsequent building is often residential, but may also be commercial tracts and industrial parks. These establishments may do all the work themselves or subcontract the work to others. Establishments that perform only the legal subdivision of land are not included in this industry.

Constructing buildings, for sale, on lots they subdivide are classified based on the type of construction project, in Industry Group 2361, Residential Building Construction, or Industry Group 2362, Nonresidential Building Construction;

Installing roads on a subcontract basis for land subdividers are classified in Industry 237310, Highway, Street, and Bridge Construction;

Installing utilities on a subcontract basis for land subdividers are classified in Industry Group 2371, Utility System Construction;

Preparing land owned by others for building construction are classified in Industry 238910, Site Preparation Contractors;

Constructing buildings, for rent or lease, on lots they subdivide are classified in Industry Group 5311, Lessors of Real Estate;

Subdividing and servicing land for cemetery development are classified in Industry 812220, Cemeteries and Crematories.

Legal subdivision of land without land preparation are classified elsewhere in the classification system based on the primary activity of the establishment.

237310 Highway, Street, and Bridge Construction

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in the construction of highways (including elevated), streets, roads, airport runways, public sidewalks, or bridges. The work performed may include new work, reconstruction, rehabilitation, and repairs. Specialty trade contractors are included in this industry if they are engaged in activities primarily related to highway, street, and bridge construction (e.g., installing guardrails on highways).

Illustrative Examples:

Airport runway construction
Highway line painting
Causeway construction
Painting traffic lanes or parking lot lines
Culverts, highway, road, and street, construction
Pothole filling, highway, road, street, or bridge
Elevated highway construction
Resurfacing, highway, road, street, or bridge
Guardrail construction
Sign erection, highway, road, street, or bridge

Constructing tunnels are classified in Industry 237990, Other Heavy and Civil Engineering Construction;

Highway lighting and signal installation are classified in Industry 238210, Electrical Contractors and Other Wiring Installation Contractors;

Painting bridges are classified in Industry 238320, Painting and Wall Covering Contractors;

Road decommissioning or removing culverts or bridges are classified in Industry 238910, Site Preparation Contractors.

Constructing parking lots, private driveways, sidewalks, or erecting billboards are classified in Industry 238990, All Other Specialty Trade Contractors.

237990 Other Heavy and Civil Engineering Construction

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in heavy and civil engineering construction projects (excluding highway, street, bridge, and distribution line construction). The work performed may include new work, reconstruction, rehabilitation, and repairs. Specialty trade contractors are included in this industry if they are engaged in activities primarily related to heavy and civil engineering construction projects (excluding highway, street, bridge, distribution line, oil and gas structure, and utilities building and structure construction). Construction projects involving water resources (e.g., dredging and land drainage), development of marine facilities, and projects involving open space improvement (e.g., parks and trails) are included in this industry.

Illustrative Examples:

Channel construction
Land drainage contractors
Dam construction
Marine construction
Dock construction
Microtunneling contractors
Dredging (e.g., canal, channel, ditch, waterway)
Nuclear waste disposal site construction
Earth retention system construction
Park ground and recreational open space improvement construction
Flood control project construction
Railroad construction
Golf course construction
Subway construction
Horizontal drilling (e.g., cable, pipeline, sewer installation)
Trenching, underwater
Hydroelectric generating station construction
Tunnel construction

Constructing water mains, sewers, and related structures are classified in Industry 237110, Water and Sewer Line and Related Structures Construction;

Constructing oil and gas pipelines and related structures are classified in Industry 237120, Oil and Gas Pipeline and Related Structures Construction;

Constructing power and communication transmission lines and related structures are classified in Industry 237130, Power and Communication Line and Related Structures Construction;

Constructing highways, streets, and bridges are classified in Industry 237310, Highway, Street, and Bridge Construction;

Trenching (except underwater) or removing dams, dikes, and other heavy and civil engineering constructions are classified in Industry 238910, Site Preparation Contractors.

Inspecting pipelines are classified in Industry 541990, All Other Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services.

238110 Poured Concrete Foundation and Structure Contractors

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in pouring and finishing concrete foundations and structural elements. This industry also includes establishments performing grout and shotcrete work. The work performed may include new work, additions, alterations, maintenance, and repairs.

Illustrative Examples:

Concrete pouring and finishing
Gunite contractors
Concrete pumping (i.e., placement)
Mud-jacking contractors
Concrete work (except paving)
Shotcrete contractors
Footing and foundation concrete contractors

Constructing or paving streets, highways, and public sidewalks are classified in Industry 237310, Highway, Street, and Bridge Construction;

Concrete sealing, coating, waterproofing, or dampproofing are classified in Industry 238390, Other Building Finishing Contractors.

Paving residential driveways, commercial parking lots, and other private parking areas are classified in Industry 238990, All Other Specialty Trade Contractors.

238120 Structural Steel and Precast Concrete Contractors

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in (1) erecting and assembling structural parts made from steel or precast concrete (e.g., steel beams, structural steel components, and similar products of precast concrete) and/or (2) assembling and installing other steel construction products (e.g., steel rods, bars, rebar, mesh, and cages) to reinforce poured-in-place concrete. The work performed may include new work, additions, alterations, maintenance, and repairs.

Illustrative Examples:

Concrete product (e.g., structural precast, structural prestressed) installation
Rebar contractors
Erecting structural steel
Reinforcing steel contractors
Placing and tying reinforcing rod at a construction site
Structural steel contractors
Precast concrete panel, slab, or form installation

Establishments primarily engaged in pouring concrete at the construction site for building foundations or structural elements are classified in Industry 238110, Poured Concrete Foundation and Structure Contractors.

238130 Framing Contractors

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in structural framing and sheathing using materials other than structural steel or concrete. The work performed may include new work, additions, alterations, maintenance, and repairs.

Illustrative Examples:

Building framing (except structural steel)
Post framing contractors
Foundation, building, wood, contractors
Steel framing contractors
Framing contractors
Wood frame component (e.g., truss) fabrication on site

Finish carpentry are classified in Industry 238350, Finish Carpentry Contractors.

Installing structural steel, precast concrete framing, or structural elements are classified in Industry 238120, Structural Steel and Precast Concrete Contractors.

238140 Masonry Contractors

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in masonry work, stone setting, bricklaying, and other stone work. The work performed may include new work, additions, alterations, maintenance, and repairs.

Illustrative Examples:

Block laying
Marble, granite, and slate, exterior, contractors
Bricklaying
Masonry pointing, cleaning, or caulking
Concrete block laying
Stucco contractors
Foundation (e.g., brick, block, stone), building, contractors

Erecting the basic structure of buildings by pouring concrete are classified in Industry 238110, Poured Concrete Foundation and Structure Contractors;

Interior marble, granite, and slate work are classified in Industry 238340, Tile and Terrazzo Contractors.

Laying precast stones or bricks for patios, sidewalks, and driveways; or paving residential driveways, commercial parking lots and other private parking areas are classified in Industry 238990, All Other Specialty Trade Contractors.

238150 Glass and Glazing Contractors

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in installing glass panes in prepared openings (i.e., glazing work) and other glass work for buildings. The work performed may include new work, additions, alterations, maintenance, and repairs.

Illustrative Examples:

Decorative glass and mirror installation
Glazing contractors
Glass cladding installation
Stained glass installation
Glass coating and tinting (except automotive) contractors
Window pane or sheet installation
Glass installation (except automotive) contractors

Installing prefabricated window units are classified in Industry 238350, Finish Carpentry Contractors.

The replacement, repair, and/or tinting of automotive glass are classified in U.S. Industry 811122, Automotive Glass Replacement Shops.

238160 Roofing Contractors

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in roofing. This industry also includes establishments treating roofs (i.e., spraying, painting, or coating) and installing skylights. The work performed may include new work, additions, alterations, maintenance, and repairs.

Illustrative Examples:

Painting, spraying, or coating, roof
Sheet metal roofing installation
Shake and shingle, roof, installation
Skylight installation

Installing roof trusses and sheathing attached to trusses are classified in Industry 238130, Framing Contractors.

Installing downspouts, gutters, fascia, and soffits are classified in Industry 238170, Siding Contractors.

238170 Siding Contractors

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in installing siding of wood, aluminum, vinyl, or other exterior finish material (except brick, stone, stucco, or curtain wall). This industry also includes establishments installing gutters and downspouts. The work performed may include new work, additions, alterations, maintenance, and repairs.

Illustrative Examples:

Downspout, gutter, and gutter guard installation
Fascia and soffit installation
Siding (e.g., vinyl, wood, aluminum) installation

Installing brick, stone, or stucco building exterior finish materials are classified in Industry 238140, Masonry Contractors;

Installing curtain wall are classified in Industry 238190, Other Foundation, Structure, and Building Exterior Contractors.

Installing sheet metal duct work are classified in Industry 238220, Plumbing, Heating, and Air-Conditioning Contractors.

238190 Other Foundation, Structure, and Building Exterior Contractors

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in building foundation and structure trades work (except poured concrete, structural steel, precast concrete, framing, masonry, glass and glazing, roofing, and siding). The work performed may include new work, additions, alterations, maintenance, and repairs.

Illustrative Examples:

Curtain wall, metal, installation
Forms for poured concrete, erecting and dismantling
Welding, on-site, contractors
Ornamental metal work installation
Fire escape installation
Decorative steel and wrought iron work installation

Poured concrete foundation and structure work are classified in Industry 238110, Poured Concrete Foundation and Structure Contractors;

Installation of structural steel or precast concrete building components are classified in Industry 238120, Structural Steel and Precast Concrete Contractors;

Framing buildings are classified in Industry 238130, Framing Contractors;

Masonry work are classified in Industry 238140, Masonry Contractors;

Glass and glazing work are classified in Industry 238150, Glass and Glazing Contractors;

Installing or repairing roofs are classified in Industry 238160, Roofing Contractors;

Installing siding are classified in Industry 238170, Siding Contractors.

Fireproofing buildings are classified in Industry 238310, Drywall and Insulation Contractors.

238210 Electrical Contractors and Other Wiring Installation Contractors

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in installing and servicing electrical wiring and equipment. Contractors included in this industry may include both the parts and labor when performing work. These contractors may perform new work, additions, alterations, maintenance, and repairs.

Illustrative Examples:

Airport runway lighting contractors
Fiber optic cable (except transmission line) contractors
Alarm system (e.g., fire, burglar), electric, installation only
Highway, street, and bridge lighting and electrical signal installation
Audio equipment (except automotive) installation contractors
Home automation system installation
Lighting system installation
Cable television hookup contractors
Telecommunications equipment and wiring (except transmission line) installation contractors
Computer and network cable installation
Traffic signal installation
Environmental control system installation
Cable splicing, electrical or fiber optic

Installing and maintaining telecommunications lines by telecommunications companies are classified in Subsector 517, Telecommunications;

Constructing power and communication transmission lines are classified in Industry 237130, Power and Communication Line and Related Structures Construction.

Burglar and fire alarm installation combined with sales, maintenance, or monitoring services are classified in U.S. Industry 561621, Security Systems Services (except Locksmiths).

238220 Plumbing, Heating, and Air-Conditioning Contractors

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in installing and servicing plumbing, heating, and air-conditioning equipment. Contractors in this industry may provide both parts and labor when performing work. The work performed may include new work, additions, alterations, maintenance, and repairs.

Illustrative Examples:

Cooling tower installation
Heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) contractors
Duct work (e.g., cooling, dust collection, exhaust, heating, ventilation) installation
Lawn sprinkler system installation
Fire sprinkler system installation
Mechanical contractors
Fireplace, natural gas, installation
Refrigeration system (e.g., commercial, industrial, scientific) installation
Furnace installation
Sewer hookup and connection, building

Installing electrical controls for HVAC systems are classified in Industry 238210, Electrical Contractors and Other Wiring Installation Contractors;

Duct cleaning are classified in Industry 561790, Other Services to Buildings and Dwellings.

Installing septic tanks are classified in Industry 238910, Site Preparation Contractors.

238290 Other Building Equipment Contractors

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in installing or servicing building equipment (except electrical, plumbing, heating, cooling, or ventilation equipment). The repair and maintenance of miscellaneous building equipment is included in this industry. The work performed may include new work, additions, alterations, maintenance, and repairs.

Illustrative Examples:

Automated and revolving door installation
Lightning protection equipment (e.g., lightning rod) installation
Boiler and pipe insulation installation
Machine rigging
Commercial-type door installation
Millwrights
Conveyor system installation
Overhead door, commercial- or industrial-type, installation
Dismantling large-scale machinery and equipment
Revolving door installation
Elevator installation
Satellite dish, household-type, installation
Escalator installation
Vacuum cleaning system, built-in, installation
Gasoline pump, service station, installation

Manufacturing industrial equipment with incidental installation are classified in Sector 31-33, Manufacturing.

Repair and maintenance of commercial refrigeration equipment or production equipment are classified in Industry 811310, Commercial and Industrial Machinery and Equipment (except Automotive and Electronic) Repair and Maintenance.

238310 Drywall and Insulation Contractors

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in drywall, plaster work, and building insulation work. Plaster work includes applying plain or ornamental plaster, and installation of lath to receive plaster. The work performed may include new work, additions, alterations, maintenance, and repairs. Establishments primarily engaged in providing firestop services are included in this industry.

Illustrative Examples:

Acoustical ceiling tile and panel installation
Lathing contractors
Drop ceiling installation
Plastering (i.e., ornamental, plain) contractors
Drywall contractors
Soundproofing contractors
Firestop contractors
Fresco (i.e., decorative plaster finishing) contractors
Taping and finishing drywall
Gypsum board installation
Wall cavity and attic space insulation installation

Applying stucco are classified in Industry 238140, Masonry Contractors.

Insulating pipes and boilers are classified in Industry 238290, Other Building Equipment Contractors.

238320 Painting and Wall Covering Contractors

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in interior or exterior painting or interior wall covering. The work performed may include new work, additions, alterations, maintenance, and repairs.

Illustrative Examples:

Bridge painting
Paperhanging or removal contractors
House painting
Ship painting contractors
Paint and wallpaper stripping
Wallpaper hanging and removal contractors

Painting lines on highways, streets, and parking lots are classified in Industry 237310, Highway, Street, and Bridge Construction;

Roof painting are classified in Industry 238160, Roofing Contractors.

Installing wood paneling are classified in Industry 238350, Finish Carpentry Contractors.

238330 Flooring Contractors

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in the installation of resilient floor tile, carpeting, linoleum, and hardwood flooring. The work performed may include new work, additions, alterations, maintenance, and repairs.

Illustrative Examples:

Carpet, installation only
Resilient floor tile or sheet (e.g., linoleum, rubber, vinyl), installation only
Vinyl flooring contractors
Resurfacing hardwood flooring
Hardwood flooring, installation only
Floor laying, scraping, finishing, and refinishing

Laying concrete flooring are classified in Industry 238110, Poured Concrete Foundation and Structure Contractors;

Installing fireproof flooring are classified in Industry 238310, Drywall and Insulation Contractors;

Installing stone or ceramic floor tile are classified in Industry 238340, Tile and Terrazzo Contractors.

Selling and installing carpet and other flooring products as retail establishments are classified in Sector 44-45, Retail Trade.

238340 Tile and Terrazzo Contractors

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in setting and installing ceramic tile, stone (interior only), and mosaic and/or mixing marble particles and cement to make terrazzo at the job site. The work performed may include new work, additions, alterations, maintenance, and repairs.

Illustrative Examples:

Ceramic tile installation
Mosaic work
Mantel, marble or stone, installation
Tile (except resilient) laying and setting
Stone flooring installation
Marble, granite, and slate, interior installation contractors

Exterior marble, granite, and slate work are classified in Industry 238140, Masonry Contractors;

Manufacturing precast terrazzo products are classified in Industry 327390, Other Concrete Product Manufacturing.

Installing, without selling resilient floor tile are classified in Industry 238330, Flooring Contractors.

238350 Finish Carpentry Contractors

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in finish carpentry work. The work performed may include new work, additions, alterations, maintenance, and repairs.

Illustrative Examples:

Built-in wood cabinets constructed on site
Molding or trim, wood or plastic, installation
Countertop, residential-type, installation
Paneling installation
Door and window frame construction
Prefabricated kitchen and bath cabinet, residential-type, installation
Garage door, residential-type, installation
Ship joinery contractors
Millwork installation
Window and door, residential-type, of any material, prefabricated, installation

Installing skylights are classified in Industry 238160, Roofing Contractors;

Framing are classified in Industry 238130, Framing Contractors.

Building custom kitchen and bath cabinets (except freestanding) in a shop are classified in Industry 337110, Wood Kitchen Cabinet and Countertop Manufacturing.

238390 Other Building Finishing Contractors

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in building finishing trade work (except drywall, plaster, and insulation work; painting and wall covering work; flooring work; tile and terrazzo work; and finish carpentry work). The work performed may include new work, additions, alterations, maintenance, and repairs.

Illustrative Examples:

Bathtub refinishing, on-site
Fabricating metal cabinets or countertops on site
Closet organizer system installation
Modular furniture system attachment and installation
Concrete coating, glazing, or sealing
Trade show exhibit installation and dismantling
Countertop and cabinet, metal (except residential-type), installation
Waterproofing contractors
Drapery fixture (e.g., hardware, rods, tracks) installation
Window shade and blind installation

Installing drywall, plaster, or insulation are classified in Industry 238310, Drywall and Insulation Contractors;

Installing or removing paint or wall coverings are classified in Industry 238320, Painting and Wall Covering Contractors;

Installing or repairing wood floors, resilient flooring, and carpet are classified in Industry 238330, Flooring Contractors;

Setting tile or performing terrazzo work are classified in Industry 238340, Tile and Terrazzo Contractors.

Finish carpentry are classified in Industry 238350, Finish Carpentry Contractors.

238910 Site Preparation Contractors

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in site preparation activities, such as excavating and grading, demolition of buildings and other structures, and septic system installation. Earthmoving and land clearing for all types of sites (e.g., building, nonbuilding, mining) is included in this industry. Establishments primarily engaged in construction equipment rental with operator (except cranes) are also included.

Illustrative Examples:

Blasting, building demolition
Foundation digging (i.e., excavation)
Concrete breaking and cutting for demolition
Foundation drilling contractors
Cutting new rights of way
Grading construction sites
Demolition, building and structure
Line slashing or cutting (except maintenance)
Dewatering contractors
Septic system contractors
Dirt moving for construction
Trenching (except underwater)
Equipment rental (except crane), construction, with operator
Underground tank (except hazardous) removal
Excavating, earthmoving, or land clearing contractors
Wrecking, building or other structure

Earth retention or underwater trenching are classified in Industry 237990, Other Heavy and Civil Engineering Construction;

Crane rental with operator are classified in Industry 238990, All Other Specialty Trade Contractors;

Overburden removal as an activity prior to mineral removal from quarries or open pit mines are classified in Sector 21, Mining, Quarrying, and Oil and Gas Extraction;

Drilling oil and gas field water intake wells are classified in U.S. Industry 213111, Drilling Oil and Gas Wells;

Dismantling tanks in oil fields are classified in U.S. Industry 213112, Support Activities for Oil and Gas Operations;

Construction equipment rental without an operator are classified in U.S. Industry 532412, Construction, Mining, and Forestry Machinery and Equipment Rental and Leasing;

Tree and brush trimming for overhead utility lines are classified in Industry 561730, Landscaping Services.

Nuclear power plant decommissioning and environmental remediation work, such as the removal of underground steel tanks for hazardous materials are classified in Industry 562910, Remediation Services.

238990 All Other Specialty Trade Contractors

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in specialized trades (except foundation, structure, and building exterior contractors; building equipment contractors; building finishing contractors; and site preparation contractors). The specialty trade work performed includes new work, additions, alterations, maintenance, and repairs.

Illustrative Examples:

Billboard erection
Outdoor swimming pool construction
Cleaning building interiors during and immediately after construction
Paver, brick (e.g., driveway, patio, sidewalk), installation
Crane rental with operator
Paving, residential and commercial driveway and parking lot
Sandblasting building exteriors
Fence installation
Scaffold erecting and dismantling
Interlocking brick and block installation
Steeplejack work
Manufactured (mobile) home set up and tie-down work
Driveway paving or sealing

Foundation, structure, and building exterior work are classified in Industry Group 2381, Foundation, Structure, and Building Exterior Contractors;

Installing, repairing, or maintaining building mechanical systems are classified in Industry Group 2382, Building Equipment Contractors;

Finishing buildings are classified in Industry Group 2383, Building Finishing Contractors;

Paving public highways, streets, and roads are classified in Industry 237310, Highway, Street, and Bridge Construction;

Construction equipment rental with an operator (except cranes) or preparing land for building construction are classified in Industry 238910, Site Preparation Contractors;

Construction equipment rental without an operator are classified in U.S. Industry 532412, Construction, Mining, and Forestry Machinery and Equipment Rental and Leasing;

Radon testing are classified in Industry 541380, Testing Laboratories;

Power washing and other building exterior cleaning (except sandblasting) are classified in Industry 561790, Other Services to Buildings and Dwellings.

Environmental remediation work, such as asbestos abatement are classified in Industry 562910, Remediation Services.