31-33 Manufacturing

331110 Iron and Steel Mills and Ferroalloy Manufacturing

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in one or more of the following: (1) direct reduction of iron ore; (2) manufacturing pig iron in molten or solid form; (3) converting pig iron into steel; (4) making steel; (5) making steel and manufacturing shapes (e.g., bar, plate, rod, sheet, strip, wire); (6) making steel and forming pipe and tube; and (7) manufacturing electrometallurgical ferroalloys. Ferroalloys add critical elements, such as silicon and manganese for carbon steel and chromium, vanadium, tungsten, titanium, and molybdenum for low- and high-alloy metals. Ferroalloys include iron-rich alloys and more pure forms of elements added during the steel manufacturing process that alter or improve the characteristics of the metal.

Operating coke ovens are classified in U.S. Industry 324199, All Other Petroleum and Coal Products Manufacturing;

Manufacturing nonferrous superalloys, such as cobalt or nickel-based superalloys are classified in U.S. Industry 331492, Secondary Smelting, Refining, and Alloying of Nonferrous Metal (except Copper and Aluminum);

Manufacturing concrete reinforcing bar by rolling and drawing steel from purchased steel are classified in U.S. Industry 331221, Rolled Steel Shape Manufacturing.

Manufacturing fabricated structural metal products from concrete reinforcing bars and fabricated bar joists are classified in U.S. Industry 332312, Fabricated Structural Metal Manufacturing.

331210 Iron and Steel Pipe and Tube Manufacturing from Purchased Steel

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing welded, riveted, or seamless pipe and tube from purchased iron or steel.

Establishments primarily engaged in making steel and further processing the steel into steel pipe and tube are classified in Industry 331110, Iron and Steel Mills and Ferroalloy Manufacturing.

331221 Rolled Steel Shape Manufacturing

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in rolling or drawing shapes (except wire), such as plate, sheet, strip, rod, and bar, from purchased steel.

Making steel and rolling or drawing steel shapes, or manufacturing concrete reinforcing bars in an iron and steel mill are classified in Industry 331110, Iron and Steel Mills and Ferroalloy Manufacturing;

Drawing wire from purchased steel are classified in U.S. Industry 331222, Steel Wire Drawing.

Manufacturing fabricated structural metal products from concrete reinforcing bars and fabricated bar joists are classified in U.S. Industry 332312, Fabricated Structural Metal Manufacturing.

331222 Steel Wire Drawing

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in drawing wire from purchased steel.

Making steel and drawing steel wire are classified in Industry 331110, Iron and Steel Mills and Ferroalloy Manufacturing.

Manufacturing wire products, such as nails, spikes, and paper clips, from purchased steel wire are classified in Industry 33261, Spring and Wire Product Manufacturing.

331313 Alumina Refining and Primary Aluminum Production

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in one or more of the following: (1) refining alumina (i.e., aluminum oxide) generally from bauxite; (2) making aluminum from alumina; and/or (3) making aluminum from alumina and rolling, drawing, extruding, or casting the aluminum they make into primary forms. Establishments in this industry may make primary aluminum or aluminum-based alloys from alumina.

Manufacturing aluminum oxide abrasives and refractories are classified in Subsector 327, Nonmetallic Mineral Product Manufacturing.

Recovering aluminum from scrap or alloying purchased aluminum are classified in U.S. Industry 331314, Secondary Smelting and Alloying of Aluminum.

331314 Secondary Smelting and Alloying of Aluminum

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in (1) recovering aluminum and aluminum alloys from scrap and/or dross (i.e., secondary smelting) and making billet or ingot (except by rolling) and/or (2) manufacturing alloys, powder, paste, or flake from purchased aluminum.

Refining alumina or making aluminum and/or aluminum alloys from alumina are classified in U.S. Industry 331313, Alumina Refining and Primary Aluminum Production;

Manufacturing aluminum sheet, plate, and foil from purchased aluminum or by recovering aluminum from scrap and flat rolling or continuous casting are classified in U.S. Industry 331315, Aluminum Sheet, Plate, and Foil Manufacturing;

Manufacturing aluminum extruded products or rolled ingot or billet from purchased aluminum or by recovering aluminum from scrap and extruding, rolling, or drawing are classified in U.S. Industry 331318, Other Aluminum Rolling, Drawing, and Extruding;

Sorting, breaking up, and wholesaling scrap metal without also smelting or refining are classified in Industry 423930, Recyclable Material Merchant Wholesalers.

Operating facilities where commingled recyclable materials, such as paper, plastics, used beverage cans, and metals, are sorted into distinct categories without also smelting or refining are classified in Industry 562920, Materials Recovery Facilities.

331315 Aluminum Sheet, Plate, and Foil Manufacturing

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in (1) flat rolling or continuous casting sheet, plate, foil and welded tube from purchased aluminum and/or (2) recovering aluminum from scrap and flat rolling or continuous casting sheet, plate, foil, and welded tube in integrated mills.

Establishments primarily engaged in making aluminum from alumina and flat rolling or continuous casting aluminum sheet, plate, foil, and welded tube are classified in U.S. Industry 331313, Alumina Refining and Primary Aluminum Production.

331318 Other Aluminum Rolling, Drawing, and Extruding

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in (1) rolling, drawing, or extruding shapes (except flat rolled sheet, plate, foil, and welded tube) from purchased aluminum and/or (2) recovering aluminum from scrap and rolling, drawing, or extruding shapes (except flat rolled sheet, plate, foil, and welded tube) in integrated mills.

Illustrative Examples:

Aluminum bar made by extruding purchased aluminum
Nails, aluminum, made in wire drawing plants
Rod made by extruding purchased aluminum
Structural shapes made by rolling purchased aluminum
Tube made by drawing or extruding purchased aluminum
Wire, bare, made in aluminum wire drawing plants

Flat rolling sheet, plate, foil, and welded tube from either purchased aluminum or by recovering aluminum from scrap and flat rolling or continuous casting are classified in U.S. Industry 331315, Aluminum Sheet, Plate, and Foil Manufacturing.

Making aluminum from alumina and making aluminum shapes are classified in U.S. Industry 331313, Alumina Refining and Primary Aluminum Production.

331410 Nonferrous Metal Smelting and Refining

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in (1) smelting ores into nonferrous metals and/or (2) the primary refining of nonferrous metals (except aluminum) by electrolytic methods or other processes.

Mining and making copper and other nonferrous concentrates (including gold and silver bullion), by processes, such as solvent extraction or electrowinning are classified in Industry Group 2122, Metal Ore Mining;

Recovering copper or copper alloys from scrap or dross and/or alloying, rolling, drawing, and extruding purchased copper are classified in Industry 331420, Copper Rolling, Drawing, Extruding, and Alloying;

Rolling, drawing, and/or extruding nonferrous metal shapes (except copper and aluminum) from purchased nonferrous metals (except copper and aluminum) or by recovering nonferrous metals (except copper and aluminum) and rolling, drawing, or extruding are classified in U.S. Industry 331491, Nonferrous Metal (except Copper and Aluminum) Rolling, Drawing, and Extruding;

Recovering nonferrous metals (except copper and aluminum) from scrap and making primary forms and/or alloying purchased nonferrous metals (except copper and aluminum) are classified in U.S. Industry 331492, Secondary Smelting, Refining, and Alloying of Nonferrous Metal (except Copper and Aluminum);

Making aluminum from alumina are classified in U.S. Industry 331313, Alumina Refining and Primary Aluminum Production;

Operating facilities where commingled recyclable materials, such as paper, plastics, used beverage cans, and metals, are sorted into distinct categories without also smelting or refining are classified in Industry 562920, Materials Recovery Facilities.

Sorting, breaking up, and wholesaling scrap metal without also smelting or refining are classified in Industry 423930, Recyclable Material Merchant Wholesalers.

331420 Copper Rolling, Drawing, Extruding, and Alloying

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in one or more of the following: (1) recovering copper or copper alloys from scraps; (2) alloying purchased copper; (3) rolling, drawing, or extruding shapes (e.g., bar, plate, sheet, strip, tube, wire) from purchased copper; and (4) recovering copper or copper alloys from scrap and rolling, drawing, or extruding shapes (e.g., bar, plate, sheet, strip, tube, wire).

Smelting copper ore, primary copper refining, and/or rolling, drawing, or extruding primary copper made in the same establishment are classified in Industry 331410, Nonferrous Metal (except Aluminum) Smelting and Refining;

Manufacturing wire products from purchased copper wire are classified in Industry 33261, Spring and Wire Product Manufacturing;

Die-casting purchased copper are classified in U.S. Industry 331523, Nonferrous Metal Die-Casting Foundries;

Rolling, drawing, or extruding shapes from purchased nonferrous metals (except copper and aluminum) or recovering nonferrous metals (except copper and aluminum) from scrap and rolling, drawing, or extruding are classified in U.S. Industry 331491, Nonferrous Metal (except Copper and Aluminum) Rolling, Drawing, and Extruding;

Recovering nonferrous metals (except copper, aluminum) from scrap and making primary forms and/or alloying purchased nonferrous metals (except copper and aluminum) are classified in U.S. Industry 331492, Secondary Smelting, Refining, and Alloying of Nonferrous Metal (except Copper and Aluminum);

Insulating purchased copper wire are classified in U.S. Industry 335929, Other Communication and Energy Wire Manufacturing;

Operating facilities where commingled recyclable materials, such as paper, plastics, used beverage cans, and metals, are sorted into distinct categories without also smelting or refining are classified in Industry 562920, Materials Recovery Facilities.

Sorting, breaking up, and wholesaling scrap metal without also smelting or refining are classified in Industry 423930, Recyclable Material Merchant Wholesalers.

331491 Nonferrous Metal Rolling, Drawing, and Extruding

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in (1) rolling, drawing, or extruding shapes (e.g., bar, plate, sheet, strip, tube) from purchased nonferrous metals and/or (2) recovering nonferrous metals from scrap and rolling, drawing, and/or extruding shapes (e.g., bar, plate, sheet, strip, tube) in integrated mills.

Rolling, drawing, and/or extruding shapes from purchased copper or recovering copper from scrap and rolling, drawing, or extruding shapes are classified in Industry 331420, Copper Rolling, Drawing, Extruding, and Alloying;

Recovering nonferrous metals (except copper and aluminum) from scrap and making primary forms and/or alloying purchased nonferrous metals are classified in U.S. Industry 331492, Secondary Smelting, Refining, and Alloying of Nonferrous Metal (except Copper and Aluminum);

Rolling, drawing, and/or extruding aluminum are classified in Industry 33131, Alumina and Aluminum Production and Processing;

Making primary nonferrous metals and rolling, drawing, or extruding nonferrous metal shapes are classified in Industry 331410, Nonferrous Metal (except Aluminum) Smelting and Refining.

Insulating purchased nonferrous wire are classified in U.S. Industry 335929, Other Communication and Energy Wire Manufacturing.

331492 Secondary Smelting, Refining, and Alloying of Nonferrous Metal

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in (1) alloying purchased nonferrous metals and/or (2) recovering nonferrous metals from scrap. Establishments in this industry make primary forms (e.g., bar, billet, bloom, cake, ingot, slab, slug, wire) using smelting or refining processes.

Recovering aluminum and aluminum alloys from scrap and/or alloying purchased aluminum are classified in U.S. Industry 331314, Secondary Smelting and Alloying of Aluminum;

Sorting, breaking up, and wholesaling scrap metal without also smelting or refining are classified in Industry 423930, Recyclable Material Merchant Wholesalers;

Recovering nonferrous metals from scrap and rolling, drawing, or extruding shapes in integrated facilities are classified in U.S. Industry 331491, Nonferrous Metal (except Copper and Aluminum) Rolling, Drawing, and Extruding;

Operating facilities where commingled recyclable materials, such as paper, plastics, used beverage cans, and metals, are sorted into distinct categories without also smelting or refining are classified in Industry 562920, Materials Recovery Facilities.

Recovering copper and copper alloys from scrap and making primary forms, and/or alloying purchased copper are classified in Industry 331420, Copper Rolling, Drawing, Extruding, and Alloying.

331511 Iron Foundries

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in pouring molten pig iron or iron alloys into molds to manufacture castings (e.g., cast iron manhole covers, cast iron pipe, cast iron skillets). Establishments in this industry purchase iron made in other establishments.

Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing iron castings and further manufacturing them into finished products are classified based on the specific finished product.

331512 Steel Investment Foundries

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing steel investment castings. Investment molds are formed by covering a wax shape with a refractory slurry. After the refractory slurry hardens, the wax is melted, leaving a seamless mold. Investment molds provide highly detailed, consistent castings. Establishments in this industry purchase steel made in other establishments.

Manufacturing steel castings (except steel investment castings) are classified in U.S. Industry 331513, Steel Foundries (except Investment).

Manufacturing steel investment castings and further manufacturing them into finished products are classified based on the specific finished product.

331513 Steel Foundries

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing steel castings (except steel investment castings). Establishments in this industry purchase steel made in other establishments.

Manufacturing steel investment castings are classified in U.S. Industry 331512, Steel Investment Foundries.

Manufacturing steel castings and further manufacturing them into finished products are classified based on the specific finished product.

331523 Nonferrous Metal Die-Casting Foundries

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in introducing molten nonferrous metal, under high pressure, into molds or dies to make nonferrous metal die-castings. Establishments in this industry purchase nonferrous metals made in other establishments.

Pouring molten aluminum into molds to manufacture aluminum castings are classified in U.S. Industry 331524, Aluminum Foundries (except Die-Casting);

Pouring molten nonferrous metal (except aluminum) into molds to manufacture nonferrous (except aluminum) castings are classified in U.S. Industry 331529, Other Nonferrous Metal Foundries (except Die-Casting).

Manufacturing nonferrous die-castings and further manufacturing them into finished products are classified based on the specific finished product.

331524 Aluminum Foundries

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in pouring molten aluminum into molds to manufacture aluminum castings (except nonferrous die-castings). Establishments in this industry purchase aluminum made in other establishments.

Manufacturing aluminum die-castings are classified in U.S. Industry 331523, Nonferrous Metal Die-Casting Foundries.

Manufacturing aluminum or aluminum alloy castings and further manufacturing them into finished products are classified based on the specific finished product.

331529 Other Nonferrous Metal Foundries

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in pouring molten nonferrous metals (except aluminum) into molds to manufacture nonferrous castings (except nonferrous die-castings and aluminum castings). Establishments in this industry purchase nonferrous metals, such as copper, nickel, lead, and zinc, made in other establishments.

Manufacturing nonferrous die-castings are classified in U.S. Industry 331523, Nonferrous Metal Die-Casting Foundries;

Pouring molten aluminum into molds to manufacture aluminum castings are classified in U.S. Industry 331524, Aluminum Foundries (except Die-Casting).

Manufacturing nonferrous castings and further manufacturing them into finished products are classified based on the specific finished product.