Zenica, Zenica-Doboj Canton, Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bosnia and Herzegovina

Etymology | History | Prehistory | Antiquity | Medieval Bosnia | Ottoman era | Austro-Hungarian era | End of the 19th century; 20th century | Yugoslavia | Bosnian War | History : 21st century | Geography : Topography | Water | Ecology | Urban settlements | Economy | Culture | National monuments | Attractions | Sport | Scouting | Club list | Transport | Education | Media

🇧🇦 Zenica is a city in Bosnia and Herzegovina and an administrative and economic centre of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina's Zenica-Doboj Canton. It is located in the Bosna river valley, about 70 km north of Sarajevo. The city is known for the Ironworks Zenica and the second heavy industry but also as a significant university center.

The urban part of today's city was formed in several phases, including Neolithic, Illyrian, the Roman Municipium of Bistua Nuova (2nd–4th century; old name of the city), with an early Christian dual basilica. Traces of an ancient settlement have been found here as well; villa rustica, thermae, a temple, and other buildings were also present. Earliest findings in the place date from the period 3000–2000 BC; they were found in the localities of Drivuša and Gradišće. Zenica's current name was first mentioned in 1415. A medieval church has been unearthed in Zenica, as well as the Franciscan Monastery of St. Mary. The independence of Medieval Bosnia is directly connected to Zenica (Gradješa's plate and abjuration act; Kulin ban's time; Vranduk, a castle of the Bosnian kings; Janjići and 'hižas' [homes] of Bosnian Church members; stećci, stone tombstone monuments, etc.) During Ottoman rule (1463–1878), Zenica became a Muslim town; at the end of the 17th century, Zenica had 2,000 citizens, mostly Muslims; Orthodox and Catholic Christians are mentioned again from the end of the 18th century, and Jews in the 19th century. Modern Zenica was mostly built in the Austro-Hungarian and Yugoslavian periods. The population rose rapidly during the 20th century, and from the Bosnian War until 2013, the city lost a quarter of its population. The municipality of Zenica became the City of Zenica in 2014.

The city is geographically located in the heart of Bosnia. The settled area is 43.01 km² (16.61 sq mi) and of the city proper covers 558.5 km² (215.6 sq mi). Elevation is 310–350 m (1,017–1,148 ft). The rivers Bosna, Lašva, Babina, and Kočeva flow through the settlement. A moderate continental climate prevails. The city has thirteen urban local settlements and it consists of a total of 81 rural settlements.

Zenica has nine national monuments. The football club Čelik is a landmark of the city, and it also has one of the tallest buildings in Bosnia and Herzegovina—Lamela. Famous Zenicans include Semir Osmanagić, Anabela Basalo, Danis Tanović, Amar Jašarspahić Gile, Mladen Krstajić, Dejan Lovren, Mervana Jugić-Salkić, and Amel Tuka.

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Etymology There are several theories about the origins of name Zenica. According to orally transmitted tradition, the city was named after the pupil of the eye (Ekavian Serbo-Croatian: zenica – pupil). There is also a legend that Zenica's name is derived from when Queen Katarina Kosača Kotromanić, who was leaving Bobovac during the Ottoman conquest of Bosnia in 1463, said "My pupil is left behind!" (Serbo-Croatian: Osta moja zenica!). Because of its location in the centre of Zenica field, the city is indeed analogous to the eye's pupil.

The name of the city can also be derived from the word zenit, meaning zenith, because it is in the centre of Bosnia and Herzegovina.

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History The urban part of today's Zenica formed through several phases, which chronologically include a Neolithic community, the Illyrian 'gradina', the Roman Municipium of Bistua Nuova, and a Christian era-community.

In the Bilimišće district, traces of ancient settlements have been found. In the outlying villages of Putovići and Tišina, where villa rustica dominate, thermae, a temple, and a series of other sites are also present.

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Prehistory The earliest findings in Zenica date from the period of 3000 to 2000 BC; they were found in the localities of Drivuša and Gradišće. Metal axes, arrows, ornamental fibulae, and ceramic remains were unearthed from the Orahovički stream near Nemila, Gračanica, Ravna, and other places.

The Illyrians came to this region during the transition from the Bronze and the Iron Age (from the 6th to the 5th centuries BC). Their defensive buildings, "gradinas", are the best known (the word is derived from the verb Serbo-Croatian: graditi – to build).

The urban part of today's Zenica was already formed in the younger Stone Age—the Neolithic, and especially later, during the time of the Illyrians. Toponyms of their "gradinas" demonstrate this: Gradišće, Gračanica, Gradac. A specific locality, Gradina, in Kopilo village, indicates that Zenica and its surrounding areas hosted organized human life around 2000 BC. There is a weak question of the presence of the Illyrian Old-Balkan tribe of Daesitiates in the Zenica region. The Daesitiates are a result of ethno-social development of early human life in prehistory; the transition period from the Bronze to the Iron Age resulted with Daesitiates emerging at the Lašva–Drina river belt. The Daesitiates confronted the Romans in 34 BC; the Romans did not make a long-lasting triumph, and the Illyrians were defeated in the city of Arduba, which was burnt down in 6–9 A.C. This is how the royal city of Vranduk probably existed in the time of the Illyrians, under the name Arduba.

Recent (August 2019) international archaeological research, conducted by the Vienna (Institute for Oriental and European Archaeology), Zenica (Zenica museum), and students and scientists from Sarajevo, using modern technology, shows that settlements with people and animals existed near Zenica over 3,100 years ago. Skeletons of pigs, cattle, and goats were found in Kopilo, an elevated place (600 m a.s.l.), indicating a farming settlement. Two tombs (one with human bones and ceramics), two tumuli, and a completely new prehistorical settlement, Ravna gradina, were also found.

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Antiquity The Romans tried to conquer the region at the end of the 3rd century BC Bellum Batonianum and were present in the area from the 6th to the 9th centuries. They ruled continuously in many areas until close to the end of the 4th century (after Arduba's fall).

Today's area of Zenica had its peak in the first six centuries of the Common Era, when it included one the most important municipiums and centres of Christian dioceses in Bosnia: Bistua Nuova—seat of the Bistuenska diocese and the seat of Roman Christianity in the Bosnian area prior to the Slavs' arrival. Data suggesting that Bistua Nuova's bishop Andrew (Andreas, Andrija) took part in and was a signer of Solin sinodas in 530 and 533 underlines its importance. Ancient tombstone monuments date from ancient Bistua Nuova, as well as remains of old Christian basilicas. In the urban settlement of Odmut and the rural settlements of Putovići and Tišina, archaeologists have found epigraphs that have led them to conclude that Bistua Nuova was in the Zenica area.

An important road towards Salona (Solin), Argentarium (Srebrenica), and Sirmium (Srijemska Mitrovica) also passed through Bistua Nuova.

Barbarian invasions from the north (mainly Germans at the end of the 3rd century, as well as Slavs later) forced Christianity to retreat from these areas. During the invasions, at the beginning of the 7th century, Bistua Nuova was destroyed, along with its basilica. It is believed that the barbarian invasions destroyed a huge part of the ancient inheritance. Goths, Avars, and Slavs passed through this location. The Slavs came in the 6th and 7th centuries and inhabited the middle part of the Bosna river stream—where Zenica Field is located. They formed tribal communities and were organized into a tribal ruling unit called a "župa" (parish). After their invasions, almost one century was needed for the first Slavic countries to form.

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Medieval Bosnia The history of medieval Zenica is not well recorded. There is but a single item of evidence from 1244 about Croatian-Hungarian king Béla IV's charter. According to the documents that have so far been studied, the city's current name was first mentioned on 16 March 1436 (or 20 March 1436, annually celebrated as "Zenica Day") and later—Zenica is mentioned in a series of documents related to the Republic of Ragusa (Republic of Dubrovačka). Among other Bosnian parishes, Bored parish, which includes "Bilina poila", is mentioned in the charter. The place refers to one part of the town of Zenica, today known as Bilino polje. The same place is mentioned in another document, dated 8 April 1203; it records a group of Bogomil chiefs who renounced paternalism before Innocent III's court chaplain John of Casamaris. Bogomilism's presence in the Zenica area and its status as a seat of the Bogomil Church is supported not only by written documents but also by headstones that illuminate the church's hierarchy.

In the Middle Ages, specifically in 1370, the settlement of Klopče was mentioned, as well as a family of that name. On 8 January 1404, the Bosnian bishop from Janjići sent dispatches to the Ragusan prince Vlaho Sorkočević. In the Zenica settlement of Varošište, a medieval church has been unearthed, as well as a Franciscan monastery to St. Mary, which was built by sculptor Ivan Hrelić, a student of Juraj Dalmatinac.

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Ottoman era Bosnia suffered Turkish incursions starting in 1386. The first Ottoman entry into Zenica relates to their win over Hungarian warriors near Doboj in 1415. Zenica has been mentioned under today's name since that event. The first official record of the city's name is in a document dated 16 March 1436, which relates to the invasion and robbery of Zachlumia by the Ottoman Duke Barak, who retreated towards Zenica and there received Ragusan money in the name of redemption. From the time of that event until the complete establishment of Ottomans rule in Bosnia in 1463, there is no mention of Zenica in relevant documents. For that reason, this era of the city's history cannot be covered in detail.

After administrative changes introduced in the first years of the rule, Zenica became part of Brod kadiluk in the newly formed Sanjak of Bosnia. Nahya of Zenica was first mentioned in 1485. It bore that name until the end of the 18th century and later became Zenica srez.

During Ottoman rule (1463–1878), the change of direction in the main trade route in turn changed the city and, except for a short period when it was a seat of the Brod judge Qadii (until 1557), Zenica was a kasbah that included mosques, a madrasa, several maktabs, shadirvans, caravanserais, and other types of Islamic architecture.

In one description from 1697, Zenica had 2,000 citizens, the majority of whom were Muslim. At the end of the 18th century Orthodox and Catholic Christians are mentioned again, as are Jews in the 19th century.

After the ruin and exodus following the intrusion of Eugene of Savoy in 1697, a time of stabilization began in Zenica.

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Austro-Hungarian era After the Berlin Congress, held in 1878, the Austro-Hungarian monarchy was given the rights to occupy Bosnia and Herzegovina; armed resistance to occupying troops soon arose. It is believed that Zenica, more precisely the Hadži Mazića house, was the place of negotiations between representatives of the Ottoman authorities in the Bosnian vilayet of Hafiz-pasha and the commander of the Austro-Hungarian occupying forces, General Filipović, on the conditions of a cessation of the conflict.

During this time, Zenica witnessed the construction of various types of economically significant infrastructure, including a railway from Bosanski Brod in 1879, a coal mine in 1880, a paper factory (1885), ironworks (1892), and a penitentiary (1886). In 1908, a power station was built, which enabled the introduction of electric public lighting. State schools were also opened, the first in 1885 and the second in 1910. Confessional schools also opened, both for Catholic and Orthodox churches, and lectures at these schools and at madrasas began to be conducted in the local language. Cultural societies were organized, such as the Croatian Singing Society, as well as hunting and mountaineering clubs. In 1910, the first cinema opened in Zenica.

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End of the 19th century; 20th century By the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th centuries, urbanization was underway and the number of citizens increased severalfold. According to the 1910 census, the town had a population of 7,215. This rapid growth was reflected by a construction boom: The Orthodox Church of the Nativity of Our Lady was erected in 1885, two Catholic churches went up in 1910, and a synagogue was built in 1903, not to mention hotels, schools, water-supply infrastructure, modern roads, etc.

After World War I, the Kingdom of SHS was formed, which in 1929 became the Kingdom of Yugoslavia and included Bosnia and Herzegovina. The political, economic, and social life of Bosnia and Herzegovina from 1918 to 1941 stagnated, though this situation changed slightly before the beginning of World War II, with investments in the city's ironworks.

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Yugoslavia After Zenica's liberation by partisans on 12 April 1945, today celebrated as Zenica Liberation Day, the city began to develop as an industrial center. It expanded and included the former villages of Bilino Polje, Klopče, and Radakovo. New apartment blocks were built to cater to the increasing number of coal miners and steelworkers. The town's population in 1948 was only about 15,000 and by 1961, it had grown to over 30,000. In 1981, that number stood at over 63,000 and after the last Yugoslavian census[when?], the town had over 96,000 citizens, a sixfold increase in population since the formation of Yugoslavia.

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Bosnian War One year before the outbreak of the Bosnian War, in 1991, Zenica became the seat of one of the first private and independent radio stations in Eastern Europe—Radio CD-CEMP. In the spring of 1993, the station's owner, a journalist, won a Belgian accolade for independent journalism, "The Pen of Peace".

The first official civilian victim of the Bosnian War in Zenica was a two-year-old Croat girl named Matea Jurić (29 July 1990 – 13 May 1992), who was killed by a gunshot during the blockade of the military barracks of the JNA in the urban settlement of Bilimišće. A memorial was erected in her honour.

On 19 April 1993, during the Croat–Bosniak War, sixteen civilians were killed and fifty injured when a HVO howitzer-fired grenade hit the central bazaar of Zenica. The grenade was shot from the village of Putićevo [ km (9.3 mi)]. During this period, Zenica was isolated from the rest of the world for a year and a half. The city suffered significant losses from sniper fire, arson, hunger, and a lack of electricity.

Zenica's populace changed much during the war, with the arrival of Muslims (today's Bosniaks) from other parts of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the departure of Serbs to areas under Serb control.

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History: 21st century Zenica recovered from the war and has continued to make slow progress. The city was governed for twenty years by the majority-Bosniak and Muslim Party of Democratic Action (SDA), which was mired in corruption and inefficiency, causing parts of the city to lack public lighting, water supply, a functioning sewer system, and paved roads.

A drastic population decrease of approximately 26% can be seen between 1991 and 2013, with Zenica losing one quarter of its citizens, partly due to the war as well as unfavourable economic circumstances, prompting young and middle-aged residents to emigrate to other parts of Europe and the United States.

2014 violent protests in Zenica In 2014, Zenica—as well as other cities in Bosnia and Herzegovina—witnessed violent citizen protests. Various buildings were attacked and demolished, tens of people were taken to the hospital, and several officials resigned. The same year, Zenica was recategorized from a municipality to a city.

In the 2016 Bosnian municipal elections, independent politician Fuad Kasumović became mayor of the city. During his three years in office, he accelerated development, focusing on areas that had been neglected up to that point: city lighting was introduced, water-supply and sewer systems were upgraded, roads were paved, and bicycle lanes were introduced on a large scale. In 2019, German company nextbike introduced their bike-sharing system to the city. Plans were made for a new municipal heating system in order to put an end to regular heat shutoffs during the coldest seasons. New Year's concerts began to be held on the main square. The Serbian pop band Miligram inaugurated the event in 2017/18. Various other events have been organized, including the Zenica summer fest, music festivals, arts and crafts fairs, bazaars, and the like, thus improving the city's economic outlook. Additionally, the issue of stray dogs in the urban core was handled, pollution was significantly reduced, public transport was improved, and the city is also planning to resolve the problem of unemployment and to modernize the education system, among other projects.

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Geography Zenica is located in the heart of Bosnia, in the central part of the river Bosna's flow, after which the country is named. Its average elevation is 310–350 m (1,017–1,148 ft) above sea level.

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Geography: Topography The topography of the city is that of a valley–basin. It is made up of a series of alluvial planins, hills, and mountain passes. The average altitude of the city itself, which is surrounded by hills, is 310–350 m (1,017–1,148 ft). However, there are many higher positions, such as Tvrtkovac, a hiking destination, whose altitude is 1,304 m (4,278 ft). The Zenica basin extends from the Lašva river canyon in the south to the Vranduk canyon and Vranduk gorge in the north—of an average length of 35 km (22 mi) and with an average altitude of 700 m (2,300 ft). Overview of the highest hills and mountains is given in the table below.

The lowest topographical areas of Zenica are along the river Bosna. In both eastern and western directions, the altitudes increase and thus, the north-western and north-eastern areas of the city are the highest.

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Water Zenica is characterized by many small rivers and streams; all of them flow into the Bosna river basin.

The Bosna is the most important body of flowing water in the Zenica area. It springs from Ilidža, near Sarajevo, and flows into the river Sava, near Bosanski Šamac. Thus, the river has a natural south–north flow. Out of a total length of 274 km (170 mi), 47.95 km (29.79 mi) of the river is in the city, and most residences are built alongside it, as are roads and railways.

Apart from the Bosna, the rivers Lašva, Babina, and Kočeva also flow through Zenica.

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Ecology Zenica's industry has polluted and damaged the city's environment. After the Bosnian War, its main polluter, the ironworks, was incapacitated. However, several years later[when?], the old steelworks partially resumed operations, and a non-partisan citizen organisation called Eko pokret Zenica began to protest it, together with the local branch of the Greens of Bosnia and Herzegovina political party.

The Babina river basin was declared a nature park after the group's intercession. The city has also entertained initiatives to create a dam on the Vranduk. The Greens of Bosnia and Herzegovina and Eko pokret have opposed this as well, declaring the Vranduk a national park.

Mošćanica, the regional waste landfill, is located between the villages of Mošćanica, Mutnica, Palinovići, Briznik, Arnauti, Ponihovo, and Plavčići, south-east of Zenica.

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Urban settlements The urban part of Zenica consists of the following settlements: • Jalija • Odmut • Mokušnice • Londža • Pišće • Blatuša • Crkvice • Babina River [Babina Rijeka] (Old Radakovo) • New Radakovo [Novo Radakovo] • Sejmen • Old Čaršija [Stara Čaršija] (toward Čaršijska mosque) • New Zenica [Nova Zenica] • Lukovo Field [Lukovo Polje].

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Economy Zenica is an industrial center. The main types of industry in the city are iron and steel production, as well as coal mining. Extraction of brown coal in Zenica began in 1880 and production of steel in 1892.

In 1990, the municipality produced 1.4 tons of steel, 924,000 tons of coal, 1,018,000 m2 (10,960,000 sq ft) of cloth, and 158,000 hL of milk, among other commodities. Employed workers numbered 49,415–53,419 in the civil sector and 4,004 in the private sector.

Even though the Bosnian War (1992–1995) did not cause as much destruction to Zenica as it did elsewhere, it damaged the economy. This is reflected in the interruption of steel processing and a decrease in its production.

Farming and cattle breeding are a significant component of the city's economy, with potatoes, carrots, onions, corn, and wheat being the most commonly grown crops.

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Culture Zenica has the following institutions of cultural importance: the Camera Symphony Orchestra, Bosnian People's Theater, Youth chorus, Art gallery, and Museum of the City of Zenica.

The Zenica branch of the Croat culture society Napredak ("advancement") has since 2010 organized annual Easter events. Another regular Easter event that takes place is the "Festival of rakijas and liqueurs".

The medieval music group Ensemble Fugato hails from Zenica, as does the reggae/dub/rock band Dubioza kolektiv and the pop-rock band Nemoguće Vruće.

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National monuments There are several national monuments in Zenica: • Church of the Nativity of Our Lady • St. Elijah Church • Former Zenica paper factory • Plate of the great judge Gradeša • Sejmenska mosque • Old mosque • Vranduk fortress • Sultan Ahmedova mosque

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Attractions • Zenica Synagogue • Kameni spavač [Stone sleeper monument] • Spomenici NOB-a [NOB monuments] • Bulevar Kulina bana [Kulin Ban boulevard] • Stara čaršija [Old market] • Hadži Mazića kuća [Hadži Mazića house] • Medresa [Madrasah] • Korzo [Corso] • Kameniti most [Stone bridge] • Muzej grada Zenice [Zenica City Museum] • Crkva Rođenja Presvete Bogorodice [Church of the Nativity of Our Lady] • Crkva Svetog Ilije [St. Elijah Church] • Čaršijska džamija [Čaršijska mosque] • Sejmenska džamija [Sejmenska mosque] • Smetovi • Bistričak • Kamberovića polje • Lamela • Bosansko narodno pozorište [Bosnian People's Theater] • Gradska tržnica [City market] • Sajam ZEPS [ZEPS fair] • Sajam Dani organske proizvodnje [Organic produce fair] • Festival Zenica summer fest • Robne kuće Bosanka [Bosanka & Zeničanka shopping malls] • Šoping-centar Džananović [Džananović shopping center] • MI "Kemal Kapetanović" [Kemal Kapetanović metallurgical institution] • Željezara Zenica [Zenica Ironworks] • Papirna • Rudnik Stara jama [Old pit mine] • Zenica prison • Dom Armija BiH[Army house, formerly the JNA house] • Arena Zenica • Hotel Internacional • NK Čelik Zenica Football club • Bilino Polje Stadium Football stadium • Četiri solitera na Odmutu [Four soldiers on Odmut] • Zgrada Jabuka [Apple building] • Crkvice • Jalija • Janjići • Drivuša • Carina i Stari mlin u Zacarini [Carina and old mill in Zacarina] • Bazeni u Babinoj Rijeci [Pools in Babina Rijeka] • Kino CineStar movie theatre • Zelena & Buvlja / stočna pijaca [Green & Flea / cattle piazzas] • Gradska kafana [City coffee house] • Mljekara ZIM [Dairy factory] • PZ Nova Zenica i Kanal [New Zenica and Kanal business zone] • Most Drvena ćuprija [Wooden bridge] • Viseći Jalijski most [Jalija suspension bridge] • Dom penzionera Zenica [Zenica retirement home] • Spomenik ZPO na Smetovima [Monument to ZPO at Smetovi] • Zgrada HKD "Napredak" ["Napredak" building].

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Sport Zenica has a variety of sports facilities and clubs, and its athletic teams have performed and won trophies nationally and overseas.

The NK Čelik Zenica football club is a two-time winner of the former Central European Cup and has thrice been state champion. The town's rugby team has also won several national championships. Notable local athletes include tennis player Mervana Jugić, high jumper Elvir Krehmić, and karateka Arnel Kalušić.

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Scouting Scouts (Izviđači) are a children's and youth movement run by adult members of the organization. Scouts mainly learn to form relationships with each other as well as various other useful skills, both related to living in nature and in an urban environment. In 2017, the Zenica scouting organization marked its 65th anniversary. Since its founding, about 100,000 young people have passed through its ranks.

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Club list • Atletski klub "Zenica" [athletics] • Biciklistički klub "Zenica – Metalno" [cycling] • Bokserski klub "Čelik" [boxing] • Invalidski odbojkaški klub "Bosna" [disabled volleyball] • Džudo klub "Policajac" [Judo] • Karate klub "Hasen-do" • Karate klub "Zenica – Mladost" • Karate klub "Nico" • Košarkaški invalidski klub "Bosna" [disabled basketball] • Klub borilačkih vještina "Isak" [martial arts] • Klub ekstremnih sportova "Scorpio" [extreme sports] • Košarkaški klub "Čelik" (žene) [women's basketball] • Košarkaški klub "Čelik" [basketball] • Košarkaški klub "Željezara – Zenica" (žene) [women's basketball] • Klub sjedeće odbojke "Zenica 92" [sitting volleyball] • Malonogomentni klub "Drugari" [futsal] • Fudbalski klub "Borac" (Tetovo) [football] • Fudbalski klub "Iris" (žene) [women's football] • Fudbalski klub "Čelik" [football] • Fudbalski klub "Nemila" [football] • Fudbalski klub "Zenica 97" [football] • Fudbalski klub "Zlatni ljiljan" [football] • Fudbalski klub "Željezničar" [football] • Odbojkaški klub "Zenica" [volleyball] • Odbojkaški klub "Ruki" [volleyball] • Plivački klub "Željezara" [swimming] • Rafting klub "Žara" [rafting] • Rafting klub "Bosna" [rafting] • Ragbi klub "Čelik" [rugby] • Ragbi klub "Rudar" [rugby] • Ragbi klub "Zenica 72" [rugby] • Rukometni klub "Čelik" [handball] • Smučarski klub "Zenica" [skiing] • Stonoteniski klub "Mladost" [table tennis] • Stonoteniski klub "Željezara" [table tennis] • Streljački klub "Zenica" [shooting] • Teniski klub "Čelik" [tennis] • Tekvondo klub "Zenica" [taekwondo] • Udruženje građana sportskih ribolovaca RD "Bistro" Zenica.

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Transport Zenica is connected with Sarajevo [ km (43 mi) southeast] by railway and road lines—both of which follow the valley of the Bosna river. Highway А1 connects Zenica with Sarajevo and Mostar. The railway follows further to the south, and terminates at the coast in Ploče (Croatia).

The most important infrastructure and transportation companies in Zenica (all d.o.o.) are Almy Gradnja, ITC, Arcon, Arel, Uniprojekt Komerc – Inžinjering, Komgrad – Ze, Almy-transport, Geosonda, Engra, and ŽGP – Zenica.

The closest airport is Sarajevo International Airport.

In 2019, the city began rebuilding the Vranduk tunnel.

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Education There are nineteen elementary and twelve high schools in Zenica. The University of Zenica consists of several faculties: Mechanical Engineering [bs], Metallurgy and Materials [bs], Philosophy [bs], Law [bs], Economics [bs], Medicine [bs], Islamic Pedagogy [bs], and Polytechnic [bs].

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Media The city has a public radio and television station, RTV Zenica, a free local newspaper, Superinfo, and it distributes the official gazette Službene novine Grada Zenica. The national publications Dnevni avaz, Oslobođenje, and Naša riječ [simple] also have local branches in Zenica.

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Europe/Sarajevo/Federation_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina 
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Image: Adobe Stock Horváth Botond #294660697

Zenica has a population of over 70,553 people. Zenica also forms the centre of the wider Zenica-Doboj Canton which has a population of over 364,433 people.

To set up a UBI Lab for Zenica see: https://www.ubilabnetwork.org Twitter: https://twitter.com/UBILabNetwork

Twin Towns, Sister Cities Zenica has links with:

🇮🇹 Fiorenzuola d'Arda, Italy 🇩🇪 Gelsenkirchen, Germany 🇷🇴 Hunedoara, Romania 🇧🇦 Jajce, Bosnia and Herzegovina 🇹🇷 Karşıyaka, Turkey 🇸🇮 Kranj, Slovenia 🇸🇪 Luleå, Sweden 🇹🇷 Üsküdar, Turkey 🇲🇰 Veles, North Macedonia 🇭🇺 Zalaegerszeg, Hungary
Text Atribution: Wikipedia Text under CC-BY-SA license

Antipodal to Zenica is: -162.088,-44.199

Locations Near: Zenica 17.9125,44.1987

🇧🇦 Travnik 17.65,44.217 d: 21  

🇧🇦 Ilidža 18.3,43.817 d: 52.6  

🇧🇦 Doboj 18.083,44.717 d: 59.2  

🇷🇸 Jablanica 17.763,43.66 d: 61.1  

🇧🇦 Istočno Sarajevo 18.35,43.817 d: 55  

🇧🇦 Sarajevo 18.379,43.852 d: 53.7  

🇧🇦 Centar 18.4,43.867 d: 53.7  

🇧🇦 Živinice 18.65,44.45 d: 65  

🇧🇦 Tuzla 18.672,44.538 d: 71.2  

🇧🇦 Gradačac 18.429,44.875 d: 85.6  

Antipodal to: Zenica -162.088,-44.199

🇹🇴 Nuku'alofa -175.216,-21.136 d: 17179.8  

🇵🇫 Papeete -149.566,-17.537 d: 16827.3  

🇦🇸 Pago Pago -170.701,-14.279 d: 16589.4  

🇼🇸 Apia -171.76,-13.833 d: 16515.8  

🇺🇸 Hilo -155.089,19.725 d: 12871.4  

🇺🇸 Maui -156.446,20.72 d: 12773.6  

🇺🇸 Maui County -156.617,20.868 d: 12758.6  

🇺🇸 Wailuku -156.505,20.894 d: 12754.8  

🇺🇸 Kahului -156.466,20.891 d: 12754.8  

🇺🇸 Honolulu -157.85,21.3 d: 12719.2  

Bing Map

Option 1