East Orange, New Jersey, United States

History | Geography | Neighborhoods | Demographics | Economy | Parks and recreation | Government | Education | Healthcare | Transport : Road : Public

🇺🇸 East Orange is a city in Essex County, New Jersey, United States. The city was the state's 20th most-populous municipality and the 590th most-populous in the country.

History East Orange had its origins in Connecticut's New Haven Colony. In 1666, a group of 30 of New Haven's families traveled by water to found "a town on the Passayak" River. They arrived on territory now encompassing Newark, the Oranges, and several other municipalities. The area was situated in the north-east portion of a land grant conveyed by King Charles II of England to his brother James, Duke of York. In 1664, James conveyed the land to two proprietors, Lord John Berkeley and Sir George Carteret. Since Carteret had been Royal Governor of the Isle of Jersey, the territory became known as New Jersey.

East Orange was initially a part of Newark and was originally known as Newark Mountains. On June 7, 1780, the townspeople of Newark Mountains officially voted to adopt the name Orange. At the time, there was a significant number of people in favor of secession from Newark. However, this would not occur until November 27, 1806, when the territory now encompassing all of the Oranges was finally detached. On April 13, 1807, the first government was elected, but not until March 13, 1860, was Orange officially incorporated as a city. Immediately, the new city began fragmenting into smaller communities, primarily because of local disputes about the costs of establishing paid police, fire, and street departments. South Orange was organized on January 26, 1861; Fairmount (later to become part of West Orange) on March 11, 1862; East Orange on March 4, 1863; and West Orange (including Fairmount) on March 14, 1863. East Orange was reincorporated as a city on December 9, 1899, based on the results of a referendum held two days earlier.

East Orange was known, at one time, for the shade trees that lined the city's residential streets. This is still evident today as many of the tall trees still stand.

Geography According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the city had a total area of 3.93 square miles (10.17 km²), all of which was land.

East Orange shares borders with the Essex County municipalities of Newark to the east and south, South Orange to the south-west, Orange to the west, and Glen Ridge and Bloomfield to the north.

Unincorporated communities, localities and place names located partially or completely within the city include Ampere and Brick Church.

Neighborhoods East Orange is officially divided into five wards, but is also unofficially divided into a number of neighborhoods, still with many well maintained streets and homes. • Ampere: Anchored by the now defunct train station of the same name, The Ampere section was developed on land owned by Orange Water Works, after the construction of the Crocker Wheeler Company plant spurred development in the area. The station was named in honor of André-Marie Ampère, a pioneer in electrodynamics and reconstructed as a new Renaissance Revival station in 1907 and 1908. Roughly bounded by the Ampere North CDP in Bloomfield to the north, Lawton Street and Newark to the east, 4th Avenue to the south, and North Grove Street to the West. • Greenwood (Teen Streets): So named after Greenwood Avenue and the "teen" streets that run through it. It is often grouped together with Ampere. This area was severely disturbed by the construction of Interstate 280 and the Garden State Parkway. The Grove Street station of the former Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Railroad was located at Grove and Main streets. Roughly bounded by 4th Avenue to the North, North 15th Street/Newark to the east, Eaton Place/NJ Transit Morris & Essex Lines, and North Grove Street to the eest. • Presidential Estates: Recently designated due to the streets in this area being named after early presidents of the United States. There are many large well kept homes situated on streets lined with very old, very large shade trees in this neighborhood that are characteristic of the northern section of the city. Roughly Bounded by Bloomfield to the North, Montclair-Boonton Line and North Grove Street to the east, Springdale Avenue to the South and the Garden State Parkway to the West. • Elmwood: Located in the south-eastern part of the city. Elmwood Park serves this section of the city, with 7 tennis courts on Rhode Island Avenue, a basketball court on the corner of Elmwood Avenue and Oak Street, a swimming pool with a pool house, a walking track, a baseball field, a softball field and a renovated field house. The area holds one of the surviving Carnegie Libraries, the Elmwood Branch of the East Orange Public Library, opened in 1912. • Doddtown (Franklin): Named after John Dodd who founded and surveyed the area of the "Watsessing Plain". The former campus of Upsala College is located here. It was converted into the new East Orange Campus High School on the east side of Prospect Street, and an adjacent new housing subdivision. Roughly bounded by Bloomfield to the North, the Garden State Parkway to the East, Park Avenue to the South and Orange to the West.

Demographics The 2010 United States census counted 64,270 people, 24,945 households, and 14,742 families in the city. The population density was 16,377.1 per square mile (6,323.2/km²). There were 28,803 housing units at an average density of 7,339.5 per square mile (2,833.8/km²). The racial makeup was 4.13% (2,657) White, 88.51% (56,887) Black or African American, 0.39% (248) Native American, 0.72% (465) Asian, 0.06% (38) Pacific Islander, 3.69% (2,370) from other races, and 2.50% (1,605) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 7.93% (5,095) of the population.

Of the 24,945 households, 29.0% had children under the age of 18; 23.3% were married couples living together; 29.0% had a female householder with no husband present and 40.9% were non-families. Of all households, 35.8% were made up of individuals and 11.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.53 and the average family size was 3.33.

25.7% of the population were under the age of 18, 10.2% from 18 to 24, 27.8% from 25 to 44, 24.6% from 45 to 64, and 11.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35.0 years. For every 100 females, the population had 81.2 males. For every 100 females ages 18 and older there were 75.4 males.

The Census Bureau's 2006–2010 American Community Survey showed that (in 2010 inflation-adjusted dollars) median household income was $40,358 (with a margin of error of ± $1,873) and the median family income was $50,995 (± $2,877). Males had a median income of $38,642 (± $1,851) versus $39,843 (± $2,187) for females. The per capita income for the city was $20,298 (± $746). About 17.8% of families and 21.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 32.5% of those under age 18 and 16.4% of those age 65 or over.

Economy Portions of the city are part of an Urban Enterprise Zone (UEZ), one of 32 zones covering 37 municipalities statewide. East Orange was selected in 1996 as one of a group of seven zones added to participate in the program. In addition to other benefits to encourage employment and investment within the UEZ, shoppers can take advantage of a reduced 3.3125% sales tax rate (half of the 6+5⁄8% rate charged statewide) at eligible merchants. Established in June 1996, the city's Urban Enterprise Zone status expires in June 2027.

The main commercial avenues of the city are Central Avenue and Main Street, both of which flow east to west, the latter of which was disturbed by the construction of Interstate 280. Recent efforts have been made to revitalise the commercial area, especially along Main Street and Evergreen Place. New apartments buildings & commercial space have been proposed and built over the last decade. Along South Harrison Street, new apartment buildings have gone up, while existing ones have been updated.

Parks and recreation East Orange is served by five parks: Columbian Park, Elmwood Park, Francis-Haire Park, Memorial Park and Rowley Park. Sports grounds, such as Oval Playground and Soverel Field, the city's largest, offer athletic fields and facilities. Paul Robeson Stadium, located on North Clinton Street, hosts local sports teams and typically, the city's annual Fourth of July fireworks celebration.

The city owns East Orange Golf Course, located 10 miles (16 km) away in Short Hills.

Government East Orange is governed under the City form of New Jersey municipal government. The city is one of 15 municipalities (of the 564) statewide that use this traditional form of government. The government is comprised of a mayor and a city council made up of ten members, two representing each of the city's five geographic political subdivisions called wards. The mayor is elected directly by the voters. The ten members of the city council are elected to four-year terms on a staggered basis, with one seat in each ward coming up for election in odd-numbered years.

The City Council performs the legislative functions of municipal government by enacting ordinances, resolutions or motions, and is responsible for review and adoption of the municipal budget that has been submitted by the mayor.

Education The East Orange School District serves students in pre-kindergarten through twelfth grade. The district is one of 31 former Abbott districts statewide that were established pursuant to the decision by the New Jersey Supreme Court in Abbott v. Burke which are now referred to as "SDA Districts" based on the requirement for the state to cover all costs for school building and renovation projects in these districts under the supervision of the New Jersey Schools Development Authority.

As of the 2018–19 school year, the district, comprised of 20 schools, had an enrollment of 10,072 students and 744.0 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 13.5:1. Schools in the district (with 2018–19 enrollment data from the National Center for Education Statistics) are Althea Gibson Early Childhood Academy (159 students; in grades Pre-K and K), Wahlstrom Early Childhood Center (156; Pre-K–K), Benjamin Banneker Academy (511; Pre-K–5), Edward T. Bowser, Sr. School of Excellence (609; Pre-K–5), George Washington Carver Institute of Science and Technology (325; Pre-K–5), Johnnie L. Cochran Jr. Academy (193; K–5), Mildred Barry Garvin School (356; Pre-K–5), Whitney E. Houston Academy of Creative & Performing Arts (369; Pre-K–8), Langston Hughes Elementary School (589; Pre-K–5), J. Garfield Jackson Sr. Academy (256; K–5), Ecole Touissant Louverture (297; Pre-K–5), Gordon Parks Academy School of Radio, Animation, Film and Television (285; Pre-K–5), Cicely L. Tyson Community Elementary School (504; Pre-K–5), Dionne Warwick Institute of Economics and Entrepreneurship (462; Pre-K–5), Future Ready Prep (NA; 6–7), Patrick F. Healy Middle School (392; 7), John L. Costley Middle School (367; 8), Sojourner Truth Middle School (406; 6), Cicely Tyson School of Performing and Fine Arts (740; 6–12), East Orange Campus High School located on the former campus of Upsala College (1,651; 9–12), East Orange STEM Academy (358; 9–12) and Fresh Start Academy Middle / High – Glenwood Campus (NA; 6–12).

East Orange Community Charter School is a public charter school that operates independently of the school district under a charter granted by the New Jersey Department of Education.

Ahlus Sunnah School is a K–12 madrasah that has been in East Orange since 2005.

The East Orange Public Library at one time included three branch buildings of the original 36 Carnegie-funded libraries in New Jersey; the original building opened in 1903 with costs covered by a gift of $50,000 (equivalent to $1.7 million in 2024) from Andrew Carnegie. It has a collection of 344,000 volumes and circulates about 319,000 items annually from four locations.

Healthcare East Orange is served by East Orange General Hospital, located on Central Avenue in the southern part of the city. The 211 bed hospital is the only independent, fully accredited, acute care hospital in Essex County. The hospital was recently acquired by Prospect Medical Systems and renamed to CareWell Health Medical Center in 2022. East Orange is also home to the US Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, also known as the East Orange VA Hospital. It is located on Tremont Avenue near S.Orange Ave. and serves many vets from the region.

Transport: Road As of May 2010, the city had a total of 83.43 miles (134.27 km) of roadways, of which 73.27 miles (117.92 km) were maintained by the municipality, 6.30 miles (10.14 km) by Essex County, 1.52 miles (2.45 km) by the New Jersey Department of Transportation and 2.34 miles (3.77 km) by the New Jersey Turnpike Authority.

The Garden State Parkway is the most prominent highway passing through the city, connecting Newark in the south to Bloomfield in the north. The Parkway is accessible at Interchange 145 for Interstate 280 and at Interchange 147 for Springdale Avenue. Interstate 280 is the other major highway crossing the city, following a west-to-east route from Orange to Newark. Major county highways serving the city include County Route 508 and County Route 510. These both traverse the city west-to-east, following Central Avenue and South Orange Avenue, respectively. County Route 509 also crosses East Orange, following a south-to-north alignment through the city via Grove Street.

Transport: Public Local transportation around the city and into neighboring communities is provided by multiple NJ Transit public bus lines, which includes routes 5, 21, 24, 34, 41, 44, 71, 73, 79, 90, 92, 94, and 97.

New Jersey Transit operates two commuter rail train stations in East Orange, both located along the Morris & Essex Lines. The East Orange station is located beside the westbound lanes of Interstate 280, directly across its parking lot from East Orange City Hall. Just one mile west up Main Street is Brick Church station, the city's second rail stop and the more heavily used of the two. Both have seven-day service to New York Penn Station in Midtown Manhattan as well as weekday service to Hoboken Terminal.

The Montclair-Boonton Line runs through the Ampere neighborhood of the city on the east, after splitting off from the Morris & Essex Lines just east of the city line in Newark. Ampere station was a former stop on the line near Ampere Parkway and Springdale Avenue which opened in 1890, but closed in 1991 due to low ridership. Residents can use nearby Watsessing Avenue station in neighboring Bloomfield. Another former stop was Grove Street station, a mile east of Brick Church, which ended service in April 1991, together with the Ampere station.

The city is 7.8 miles (12.6 km) from Newark Liberty International Airport in the nearby cities of Newark and Elizabeth.

East Orange, New Jersey, United States 
<b>East Orange, New Jersey, United States</b>
Image: Jim.henderson

East Orange has a population of over 69,612 people. East Orange also forms one of the centres of the wider Essex County which has a population of over 863,728 people.

To set up a UBI Lab for East Orange see: https://www.ubilabnetwork.org Twitter: https://twitter.com/UBILabNetwork

Twin Towns - Sister Cities East Orange has links with:

🇹🇼 Chiayi, Taiwan 🇰🇪 Nakuru, Kenya
Text Atribution: Wikipedia Text under CC-BY-SA license

Antipodal to East Orange is: 105.788,-40.765

Locations Near: East Orange -74.2117,40.7651

🇺🇸 Irvington -74.233,40.724 d: 4.9  

🇺🇸 Bloomfield -74.187,40.809 d: 5.3  

🇺🇸 Newark -74.173,40.724 d: 5.6  

🇺🇸 Elizabeth -74.212,40.664 d: 11.3  

🇺🇸 Clifton -74.16,40.862 d: 11.6  

🇺🇸 Passaic -74.129,40.858 d: 12.4  

🇺🇸 Bayonne -74.11,40.663 d: 14.3  

🇺🇸 Jersey City -74.066,40.726 d: 13  

🇺🇸 Wayne -74.257,40.912 d: 16.8  

🇺🇸 Paterson -74.172,40.917 d: 17.2  

Antipodal to: East Orange 105.788,-40.765

🇦🇺 Bunbury 115.637,-33.327 d: 18813.2  

🇦🇺 Mandurah 115.721,-32.529 d: 18742.4  

🇦🇺 Rockingham 115.717,-32.267 d: 18720.6  

🇦🇺 City of Cockburn 115.833,-32.167 d: 18705  

🇦🇺 Booragoon 115.834,-32.04 d: 18694.2  

🇦🇺 Vincent 115.834,-31.936 d: 18685.3  

🇦🇺 Albany 117.867,-35.017 d: 18779  

🇦🇺 Perth 115.86,-31.956 d: 18685.4  

🇦🇺 Cannington 115.934,-32.017 d: 18686.2  

🇦🇺 Wanneroo 115.803,-31.747 d: 18670.9  

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