Bandar Abbas, Hormozgan, Iran

History : Pre-Islamic | Portuguese period | Dutch and English period | Omani period | Contemporary history | Geography | Transport : Air : Road : Rail | Language | Products | Exports | Sport | Universities

🇮🇷 Bandar Abbas or Bandar-e ‘Abbās is a port city and capital of Hormozgān Province on the southern coast of Iran, on the Persian Gulf. The city occupies a strategic position on the narrow Strait of Hormuz (just across from Musandam Governorate, Oman), and it is the location of the main base of the Iranian Navy. Bandar Abbas is also the capital and largest city of Bandar Abbas County.

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History: Pre-Islamic The earliest record of Bandar Abbas is during the reign of Darius the Great (between 522 and 486 BCE). Darius's commander, Silacus, embarked from Bandar Abbas to India and the Red Sea. During Alexander's conquest of the Achaemenid Empire, Bandar Abbas was known under the name of Hormirzad.

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Portuguese period By the 16th century, Bandar Abbas was known as Gamrūn to the Persians. In 1565, a European navigator called it Bamdel Gombruc (that is, Bandar Gümrük, or "Customhouse Port"), citing this as the Persian and Turkish name. Bandar Abbas was conquered by the Portuguese in 1514, and was an important location to protect their commerce in the Persian Gulf and India. They named the city Comorão, due to the presence of lobsters and crabs on its shores.

In 1614, Comorão was taken by Shah Abbas the Great from the Portuguese and renamed Bandar-e Abbas ("Port of Abbas"). Backed by the English Navy, Abbas developed the city (known to the English-speaking world as Gombraun) into a major port. By 1622, the Portuguese and English names had been officially combined to form Combrù or Combu, although the inhabitants still called it Bandar-e Abbas. Sir Thomas Herbert said the official English name was Gumbrown. He wrote in 1630 that "some (but I commend them not) write it Gamrou, others Gomrow, and othersome Cummeroon". By the 1670s, the city was known as Gameroon.

In 1622 CE, Abbas defeated Portuguese troops with the help of English troops and Iranian commander Imam Quli Khan. In honor of this victory Gumbroon was renamed Bandar Abbas Port. In the current division of Bandar Abbas in Hormozgan province and one of the most important strategic and commercial centre is in the vicinity of the Persian Gulf and Oman Sea.

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Dutch and English period In 1625, a combined Anglo-Dutch fleet attacked the Portuguese at Bandar Abbas and took control of the trade posts. Soon, the Dutch East India Company outcompeted its English counterpart and eventually, from 1654 onwards, was in complete control of the local spice and silk trade until 1765.

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Omani period Between 1794 and 1868, Bandar Abbas was under the control of the Sultanate of Oman and Zanzibar through a lease agreement with Persia. The details of the original lease apparently differed between the Arabic and Persian versions. The Omanis controlled the coastal stretch of some 100 miles from Sadij to Khamir, and inland about 30 miles, as far as Shamil. They also controlled the islands of Hormuz and Qeshm. In 1823, the Persians attempted to oust the Omanis, but the sultan managed to keep his hold on Bandar through bribery and tribute of the governor of Shiraz. In 1845–1846, an army under the governor general of Fars menaced Bandar to extort tribute, while another army under the governor of Kerman besieged Minab. The Omanis threatened to blockade Persia, but the British resident at Bushir convinced them to back down.

The Persians recovered the city in 1854, while the sultan was in Zanzibar. Under British pressure following the Anglo-Persian War in 1856, Persia renewed Oman's lease on favourable terms. It was clarified that the leased territory belonged to the province of Fars and that the Persian flag would fly over Bandar Abbas. The rental rate was also increased. Under British pressure the agreement was renewed in 1868, but at a higher rate of rent and for a shorter duration. Two months after its renewal, the lease was cancelled by the Persian government, citing a clause which permitted its termination if the sultan of Oman were overthrown.

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Contemporary history An earthquake in July 1902 damaged parts of the city, including the governor's house and the customs office, and nearby Qeshm Island.

Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi paid particular attention to Bandar Abbas as a strategic port and during his time the government invested huge amounts of capital in the infrastructure.

Bandar Abbas serves as a major shipping point, mostly for imports, and has a long history of trade with India, particularly the port of Surat. Thousands of tourists visit the city and nearby islands including Qeshm and Hormuz every year.

Bandar Abbas was a small fishing port of about 17,000 people in 1955, prior to initial plans to develop it as a major harbor. By 2001, it had grown into a major city.

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Geography Bandar Abbas is situated on flat ground with an average altitude of 9 metres (30 ft) above sea level. The nearest elevated areas are Mt. Geno, 17 km (11 mi) to the north, and Mt. Pooladi, 16 km (9.9 mi) to the north-west of the city. The closest river to Bandar Abbas is the River Shoor, which rises on Mt. Geno and flows into the Persian Gulf, 10 km (6.2 mi) east of the city. South of the city is the island of Qeshm.

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Transport: Air Bandar Abbas International Airport has capacity and facilities for landing large transport airplanes.

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Transport: Road Bandar Abbas is accessible via the following highways: • Bandar Abbas-Sirjan, 300 km (190 mi) to the northeast. • Bandar Abbas-Kerman, 484 km (301 mi) to the northeast. • Bandar Abbas-Shiraz, 650 km (400 mi) to the north. • Bandar Abbas-Zahedan, 722 km (449 mi) to the east.

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Transport: Rail Since 1993, Bandar Abbas has been the southern terminus of Islamic Republic of Iran Railways' main North–South corridor that links it to Yazd, Qom, Tehran and Qazvin to the north.

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Language Original Bandaris (residents of Bandar Abbas) speak Bandari (بندری), a variety of Persian similar to neighboring Achomi and Dialects of Fars, and distinct from New Persian. Bandari has loanwords from various European languages (e.g. tawāl, "towel") and some from Arabic (e.g. atā [اتى], "to come"), Persian and Balochi.

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Products • Date, citrus, tobacco and factory goods (e.g. canned tuna). • Yellow cake uranium (~20 tonnes/year) from the Gchine (Gachin) mine. • Bandar Abbas is the site of a Chinese-built cruise missile production facility for the manufacture and upgrade of Silkworm (CSS-N-2) cruise missiles.

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Exports • Transit goods, dates, citrus, tobacco, fishery; Bandar Abbas was formerly famous for its export of Iranian pottery, and was known in the west as "goombroon". "Goombroon ware" was the original porcelain imported to England from Goombroon in the early 20th century. It was later replaced by china ware imported from China. Kaolin was the mineral from which the porcelain was made.

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Sport Aluminium Hormozgan is Bander Abbas's main football (soccer) team. The team was founded in 2006. In 2012 they were promoted to the Iran Pro League but after their first season there they were relegated back to the Azadegan League where they currently play. Bander Abbas also has a second less supported team, Shahrdari Bandar Abbas, which was founded in 2005 and is the municipality's team.

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Universities • Bandar Abbas University of Medical Sciences • University of Hormozgan • Islamic Azad University of Bandar Abbas • Payame Noor University of Bandar Abbas • Amir Kabir university of technology, Bandar Abbas Branch • University of Applied Science and Technology, Bandar Abbas Branch

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Asia/Tehran/Hormozgan 
<b>Asia/Tehran/Hormozgan</b>
Image: Ivan Mlinaric

Bandar Abbas has a population of over 526,648 people. Bandar Abbas also forms the centre of the wider Hormozgān Province which has a population of over 1,776,415 people.

To set up a UBI Lab for Bandar Abbas see: https://www.ubilabnetwork.org Twitter: https://twitter.com/UBILabNetwork

Bandar Abbas is a member of the UNESCO Creative Cities Network for Craft and Folk Art see: https://en.unesco.org/creative-cities

Twin Towns - Sister Cities Bandar Abbas has links with:

🇰🇷 Busan, South Korea
Text Atribution: Wikipedia Text under CC-BY-SA license

Antipodal to Bandar Abbas is: -123.734,-27.188

Locations Near: Bandar Abbas 56.2657,27.1875

🇮🇷 Qeshm 56.272,26.958 d: 25.5  

🇦🇪 Ras al-Khaimah 55.95,25.783 d: 159.3  

🇦🇪 Ras Al Khaimah 55.95,25.767 d: 161.1  

🇮🇷 Bandar Lengeh 54.867,26.55 d: 155.8  

🇦🇪 Ajman 55.442,25.402 d: 214.8  

🇦🇪 Sharjah city 55.383,25.35 d: 222.5  

🇦🇪 Sharjah 55.383,25.35 d: 222.5  

🇦🇪 Fujairah 56.334,25.122 d: 229.7  

🇦🇪 Al Fujairah City 56.333,25.117 d: 230.4  

🇦🇪 Dubai 55.309,25.27 d: 233.7  

Antipodal to: Bandar Abbas -123.734,-27.188

🇵🇫 Papeete -149.566,-17.537 d: 17157.7  

🇵🇪 Talara -81.267,-4.567 d: 14863  

🇵🇪 Piura -80.633,-5.2 d: 14843.3  

🇵🇪 Chiclayo -79.844,-6.764 d: 14862.5  

🇵🇪 Máncora -81.05,-4.1 d: 14814.1  

🇵🇪 Trujillo -79.034,-8.103 d: 14862  

🇵🇪 Chimbote -78.583,-9.067 d: 14872.1  

🇦🇸 Pago Pago -170.701,-14.279 d: 14956.2  

🇵🇪 Callao -77.15,-12.067 d: 14888.6  

🇵🇪 Ancón -77.15,-11.733 d: 14872.1  

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