Bacău, Nord-Est Department, Romania

History | Politics | Transport | Culture | Jewish community | Sports : Athletics | Badminton | Basketball | Boxing | Bridge | Sport : Football | Gymnastics | Team Handball | Judo | Karate | Fights | Modelism | Swimming | Tennis

🇷🇴 Bacău is the main city in Bacău County, Romania. It is the 12th largest city in Romania. The city is situated in the historical region of Moldavia, at the foothills of the Carpathian Mountains, and on the Bistrița River. The Ghimeș Pass links Bacău to the region of Transylvania.

History Similarly to most urban centres in Moldavia, Bacău emerged on a ford that allowed water passage. There is archaeological evidence of human settlement in the centre of Bacău (near Curtea Domnească) dating from the 6th and the 7th centuries; these settlements were placed over older settlements from the 4th and the 5th centuries. A number of vessels found here are ornamented with crosses, hinting that the inhabitants were Christians. Pechenegs and Cumans controlled the Bistrița valley during the 10th, 11th and 12th centuries. Colonists played a significant role in the development of the town. Archaeological finds, some surface or semi-buried dwellings from the second half of the 15th century, suggest that Hungarians started to settle in the region after 1345–1347 when the territory was under the control of the Kingdom of Hungary. They mainly occupied the flat banks of the river Bistrița. Discoveries of a type of 14th-century grey ceramic that has also been found in Northern Europe also suggests the presence of German colonists from the north. Originally the town focused around the Roman Catholic community that settled near a regular local market frequented by the population of the region on the lower reaches of the river.

The town was first mentioned in 1408 when Prince Alexander the Good of Moldavia (1400–1432) listed the customs points in the principality in his privilege for Polish merchants. The customs house in the town is mentioned in Old Church Slavonic as krainee mîto ("the customs house by the edge") in the document which may indicate that it was the last customs stop before Moldavia's border with Wallachia. An undated document reveals that the şoltuz in Bacău, that is the head of the town elected by its inhabitants, had the right to sentence felons to death, at least for robberies, which hints to an extended privilege, similar to the ones that royal towns in the Kingdom of Hungary enjoyed. Thus this right may have been granted to the community when the territory was under the control of the Kingdom of Hungary. The seal of Bacău was oval which is exceptional in Moldavia where the seals of other towns were round.

Alexander the Good donated the wax collected as part of the tax payable by the town to the nearby Eastern Orthodox Bistrița Monastery. It was most probably his first wife named Margaret who founded the Franciscan Church of the Holy Virgin in Bacău. But the main Catholic church in the town was dedicated to Saint Nicholas. A letter written by John of Rya, the Catholic bishop of Baia refers to Bacău as a civitas which implies the existence of a Catholic bishopric in the town at that time. The letter also reveals that Hussite immigrants who had undergone persecutions in Bohemia, Moravia, or Hungary were settled in the town and granted privileges by Alexander the Good.

The monastery of Bistrița was also granted the income from the customs house of Bacău in 1439. In 1435 Stephen II of Moldavia (1433–1435, 1436–1447) requested the town's judges not to hinder the merchants of Brașov, an important centre of the Transylvanian Saxons in their movement. From the 15th century ungureni, that is Romanians from Transylvania began to populate the area north of the marketplace where they would erect an Orthodox church after 1500. A small residence of the princes of Moldova was built in the town in the first half of the 15th century. It was rebuilt and extended under Stephen III the Great of Moldavia (1457–1504) who also erected an Orthodox church within it. But the rulers soon began to donate the neighboring villages that had thereto supplied their local household to monasteries or noblemen. Thus the local princely residence was abandoned after 1500.

The town was invaded and destroyed more than one time in the 15th and 16th centuries. For example, in 1467 King Matthias I of Hungary during his expedition against Stephen the Great set fire to all towns, among them Bacău in his path. The customs records of Brașov shows that few merchants from Bacău crossed the Carpathian Mountains into Transylvania after 1500, and their merchandise had no particularly high value which suggests that the town was declining in this period.

The Catholic bishop of Argeș whose see in Wallachia had been destroyed by the Tatars moved to Bacău in 1597. From the early 17th century the bishops of Bacău were Polish priests who did not reside in the town, but in the Kingdom of Poland. They only travelled time to time to their see in order to collect the tithes.

According to Archbishop Marco Bandini's report of the canonical visitation of 1646, the şoltuz in Bacău was elected among Hungarians one year, and another, among Romanians. The names of most of 12 inhabitants of the town recorded in 1655 also indicate that Hungarians still formed their majority group. In 1670 Archbishop Petrus Parcevic, the apostolic vicar of Moldavia concluded an agreement with the head of the Franciscan Province of Transylvania on the return of the Bacău monastery to them in order to ensure the spiritual welfare of the local Hungarian community. But the Polish bishop protested against the agreement and the Holy See refused to ratify it.

Due to the frequent invasions by foreign armies and plundering by the Tatars in the 17th century, many of its Catholic inhabitants abandoned Bacău and took refuge in Transylvania. But in 1851 the Catholic congregation in the town still spoke, sang, and prayed in Hungarian.

The first paper mill in Moldavia was established in the town in 1851. The town was declared a municipality in 1968.

Politics The local authority in the city is split between the Mayor and the Local Council. Between 1950 and 1968 the city was governed by the Sfatul popular (People's Council). It replaced the local Provisional Committee (Romanian: Comitetul Provizori), which functioned from 1948 to 1950, based on the Law of the People's Councils, no. 17/1949.

Transport The city is about 300 km (186 miles) North of Bucharest. It is served by George Enescu International Airport, located at 5 km (3.1 mi), which provides direct links with the Romanian capital, Bucharest, and with several cities in Europe. Bacău air traffic control centre is one of Europe's busiest, as it handles transiting flights between the Middle and Near East and South Asia to Europe and across the Atlantic.

The Bacău railway station (Gara Bacău) is one of the busiest in Romania; it has access to the Romanian railway main trunk number 500. Thus the city is connected to the main Romanian cities; the railway station is an important transit stop for international trains from Ukraine, Russia, and Bulgaria.

The city has access to the DN2 road (E85) that links it to the Romanian capital, Bucharest (to the South) and the cities of Suceava and Iași (to the North). The European route E574 is an important access road to Transylvania and the city of Brașov. The city is also located at the intersection of several national roads of secondary importance, and will be served in the future by the A7 motorway running from the border with Ukraine at Siret to Ploiești (junction with A3). As of 2020, this motorway intersects with the Bacău bypass (Centura Bacău).

Culture Bacău has a public university and several colleges. Two major Romanian poets, George Bacovia and Vasile Alecsandri were born here. The "Mihail Jora" Athenaeum and a Philharmonic Orchestra are located here, as well as the "G. Bacovia" Dramatic Theater and a Puppet Theater. Around Christmas every year, a Festival of Moldavian Winter Traditions takes place, reuniting folk artists from all the surrounding regions. The exhibition "Saloanele Moldovei" and the International Painting Camp at Tescani, near Bacău, reunite important plastic artists from Romania and from abroad. The local History Museum, part of the Museum Complex "Iulian Antonescu" has an important collection of antique objects from ancient Dacia. The city also has an astronomical observatory, The Victor Anestin Astronomical Observatory.

Jewish community The 1772-1774 Census registered 5 Jewish families, the 1820 Census registered 108 families. The 1852 Census registered 504 Jewish inhabitants. The 1930 Census registered 9424 Jewish inhabitants. The first mentions about Jewish inhabitants are from the beginning of the 18th century. The Register of Chevra Kadisha begins with the year 1774. The first leader of the Community is mentioned in 1794. The community was officially recognised in 1857.

Before World War I, the number of Jews was almost equal to that of Romanians in Bacău. According to the 1930 census, after some of the village population was in town, Bacău had 19,421 who have declared are Romanian, 9,424 declared Jews, 822 Hungarians and 406 German.

The first synagogue would be built in Bacău in 1820. In 1841 Jews who observe the Chabad Hasidic movement built another Sinagoga. In 1864 there were 14 functioning synagogues in Bacău. Among the most notable being Synagogue Burah Volf, Furriers Synagogue, Synagogue Alter Ionas and tanners. "In 1880, in Bacău we had 21 synagogues and prayer houses. In 1916 we were active following synagogues Froim Aizic, Alter Leib, Itzik Leib Brill, Lipscani, the Tailors Young, coachmen, Shoemakers Synagogue, Cerealista, masonry, Rabbi Israel Synagogue, "Brotherhood of Zion" Snap Synagogue Saima Cofler itself and Der Mariesches SIL.

After World War I, some synagogues were closed and others were razed. Some carried the names of rabbis deceased or people in life who had influence on the community: synagogue Wisman, synagogue Gaon Bețael Safran, synagogue Rabbi Blane, synagogue David Herșcovici, synagogue Filderman, the synagogue rabbi Wahramn, and synagogue Rabbi Lan.

In December 2015, the new headquarters of the Jewish community was opened at 2 Erou Costel Marius Hasan St.

Sports: Athletics • SCM Bacău • CS Știința Bacău • CSȘ Bacău

Badminton • CS Știința Bacău • CSȘ Bacău

Basketball • CSȘ Bacău

Boxing • SCM Bacău

Bridge • Bridge Club Bacău

Sport: Football • FCM Bacău • CS Aerostar Bacău • CS FC Pambac Bacău • FC Willy Bacău • AS Clipa VIO Bacău • Siretul Bacău • LPS Bacău

Gymnastics • SCM Bacău • CS Știința Bacău

Team Handball • C.S. Știința Municipal Dedeman Bacău • CS Știința Bacău • CSȘ Bacău

Judo • SCM Bacău • Judo Club Royal Bacău

Karate • SCM Bacău • CS Știința Bacău • CS Seishin Karate-Do Bacău • Siretul Bacău • Sfinx Club Karate-Do Bacau

Fights • SCM Bacău

Modelism • SCM Bacău • CS Aerostar Bacău

Swimming • SCM Bacău (înot, sărituri în apă) • LPS Bacău (înot)

Tennis • SCM Bacău • ASTC Bistrița Bacău

Europe/Bucharest/Bacau 
<b>Europe/Bucharest/Bacau</b>
Image: Sludge G

Bacău has a population of over 196,883 people. Bacău also forms the centre of the wider Bacău County which has a population of over 616,168 people.

To set up a UBI Lab for Bacău see: https://www.ubilabnetwork.org Twitter: https://twitter.com/UBILabNetwork

Twin Towns, Sister Cities Bacău has links with:

🇫🇷 Annecy, France 🇦🇹 Bad Aussee, Austria 🇩🇪 Bad Reichenhall, Germany 🇮🇹 Belluno, Italy 🇮🇹 Biella, Italy 🇮🇹 Bolzano, Italy 🇮🇹 Bressanone, Italy 🇨🇭 Brig-Glis, Switzerland 🇧🇷 Caxias do Sul, Brazil 🇫🇷 Chambéry, France 🇫🇷 Chamonix, France 🇫🇷 Gap, France 🇨🇭 Herisau, Switzerland 🇸🇮 Idrija, Slovenia 🇮🇹 Lecco, Italy 🇵🇭 Mandaue, Philippines 🇸🇮 Maribor, Slovenia 🇮🇹 Morbegno, Italy 🇫🇷 Passy, France 🇮🇱 Petah Tikva, Israel 🇮🇹 Sondrio, Italy 🇩🇪 Sonthofen, Germany 🇮🇹 Tolmezzo, Italy 🇸🇮 Tolmin, Slovenia 🇮🇹 Trento, Italy 🇮🇹 Turin, Italy 🇦🇹 Villach, Austria
Text Atribution: Wikipedia Text under CC-BY-SA license

Antipodal to Bacău is: -153.075,-46.571

Locations Near: Bacău 26.9252,46.5713

🇷🇴 Roman 26.917,46.917 d: 38.4  

🇷🇴 Piatra Neamţ 26.371,46.92 d: 57.3  

🇷🇴 Vaslui 27.717,46.633 d: 60.9  

🇷🇴 Bârlad 27.668,46.229 d: 68.5  

🇷🇴 Iași 27.587,47.16 d: 82.6  

🇷🇴 Focşani 27.167,45.7 d: 98.7  

🇷🇴 Covasna 26.169,45.845 d: 99.6  

🇲🇩 Ungheni 27.807,47.208 d: 97.5  

🇷🇴 Miercurea Ciuc 25.815,46.368 d: 88  

🇷🇴 Botoșani 26.662,47.745 d: 132  

Antipodal to: Bacău -153.075,-46.571

🇵🇫 Papeete -149.566,-17.537 d: 16770.6  

🇹🇴 Nuku'alofa -175.216,-21.136 d: 16551  

🇦🇸 Pago Pago -170.701,-14.279 d: 16067.1  

🇼🇸 Apia -171.76,-13.833 d: 15979.1  

🇺🇸 Hilo -155.089,19.725 d: 12640.5  

🇺🇸 Maui -156.446,20.72 d: 12524.9  

🇺🇸 Maui County -156.617,20.868 d: 12507.7  

🇺🇸 Kahului -156.466,20.891 d: 12505.8  

🇺🇸 Wailuku -156.505,20.894 d: 12505.4  

🇺🇸 Honolulu -157.85,21.3 d: 12452.9  

Bing Map

Option 1