Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China

Economy | Tourist Industry | Shopping areas | Research and education | Research institutes | Education : University

🇨🇳 Shenyang, formerly known as Fengtian or by its Manchu name Mukden, is a major Chinese sub-provincial city and the provincial capital of Liaoning province. Located in central-north Liaoning, it is the province's most populous city. The largest city in Northeast China by urban population, Shenyang is also the central city of one of the major megalopolises in China, the Greater Shenyang Metropolitan Area. The city's administrative region includes the ten metropolitan districts of Shenyang proper, the county-level city of Xinmin, and two counties: Kangping and Faku.

Shenyang is also the central city of one of the major megalopolises in China, the Greater Shenyang Metropolitan Area, which has a total population over 23 million. The city's administrative region includes the ten metropolitan districts of Shenyang proper, the county-level city of Xinmin, and two counties: Kangping and Faku.

Shenyang has passed through the control of many states and peoples in history. In the 14th century, Shenyang came under the control of the Ming dynasty. The city served as an important Chinese military stronghold during the Ming period. The Manchu people conquered Shenyang from the Ming in the 17th century and briefly used it as the capital of Qing dynasty China. In 1905, the Battle of Mukden took place south of Shenyang during the Russo-Japanese War. Japan's subsequent victory allowed Tokyo to annex the region west of the old city and to increase Japanese influence on Shenyang; in September 1931 the Mukden Incident led the Japanese to further invade and occupy the rest of Northeast China, forming the puppet state of Manchukuo. After the Japanese surrender in 1945, Shenyang remained a Kuomintang stronghold, but the Communists captured it in 1948 after the Liaoshen Campaign.

Along with its nearby cities, Shenyang is an important industrial centre in China, and serves as the transportation and commercial hub of China's northeast—particularly involved in links with Japan, Russia and Korea. A centre of heavy industry in China since the 1930s, and the spearhead of the Chinese central government's Northeast Area Revitalization Plan, the city has been diversifying its industry, including expanding into the service sector. Growing industries include software, automotive and electronics.

Shenyang is also a major city for scientific research, appearing among the top 200 science cities in the world as tracked by the Nature Index. The city is home to several major universities, notably Northeastern University and Liaoning University, members of China's prestigious universities in the Double First Class University Plan.

Economy Shenyang is an important industrial centre in China and is the core city of the Shenyang Economic Zone, a New Special Reform Zone. It has been focused on heavy industry, particularly aerospace, machine tools, heavy equipment and defence, and recently on software, automotive and electronics. The heavy industry started in the 1920s and was well developed before the second world war. During the first five-year plan (1951–1956) many factories were built in Tiexi district. At its peak in the 1970s, Shenyang was one of the top three industrial centres in China alongside Shanghai and Tianjin, and was at one time being considered for upgrading to a direct-controlled municipality. However, as the planned economy fell out of favor after the 1980s, the heavy industry had declined gradually and the city became a rust belt city, with hundreds of thousands of people laid off from bankrupted state-owned factories. Nonetheless, the economy of the city has revived significantly in recent years, thanks to the central government's "Revitalize Northeast China" campaign and the rapid development of software and auto manufacture industries. Investment subsidies are granted to multinational corporations (MNCs) that set up offices or headquarters in Shenyang.

The services sector—especially banking—has been developing in Shenyang. Shenyang has several foreign banks, such as South Korea's Hana Bank, Japan's Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi UFJ, Hong Kong's Bank of East Asia, Singapore's United Overseas Bank and the Britain-based HSBC. In 2006, the city hosted a total of 1,063 banks and bank branches and 144 insurance-related companies. By 2010, it aims to attract 30 foreign banks and 60 non-bank financial institutions.

The city has been identified by the Economist Intelligence Unit in the November 2010 Access China White Paper as a member of the CHAMPS (Chongqing, Hefei, Anshan, Maanshan, Pingdingshan and Shenyang), an economic profile of the top 20 emerging cities in China.

Shenyang has three development zones: • Shenyang Finance and Trade Development Zone • Shenyang High-Tech Industrial Development Zone • Shenyang Economic & Technological Development Zone.

Numerous major industrial companies have their headquarters in Shenyang. Brilliance Auto is a major Chinese automobile manufacturer, and most of its production plants are also located in Shenyang. Shenyang Aircraft Corporation produces airplanes for civilian use as well as for the PLAAF. Neusoft Group is the biggest software company in China. Shenyang Machine Tool Group is the largest machine tool manufacturer in China. Tyco International, General Motors and Michelin Shenyang Tyre Corporation are expanding their operations in Shenyang.

The GDP per capita of the city of Shenyang is 78,490 yuan in 2009 (ranked 3rd out of all 58 cities and counties in Liaoning province).

Tourist Industry Attractions • Mukden Palace (沈阳故宫): the former imperial palace of the early Qing dynasty. It is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. • East Mausoleum (东陵): the tomb of the first Qing emperor, Nurhaci. It is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. • Beiling Park and North Mausoleum (北陵): the tomb of the second Qing emperor, Huang Taiji. The park covers an area of 3,300,000 square metres (36,000,000 square feet), and is serviced by trams for visitors who do not wish to (or cannot) traverse the length of the park. It is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. • Qipan Mountain (棋盘山): a recreation resort in Shenbei New District, north-east of Shenyang. • Strange Slope (怪坡): an 80 m (87 yd)-long, 25 m (82 ft)-wide slope on the western side of Mao Mountain in Shenbei District, famous for the unexplained phenomenon of vehicles seemingly able to move uphill unpowered. • Shenyang Botanical Garden (沈阳植物园) is located within the Qipanshan Tourism District. With a total area of 2.46 km² (610 acres), the garden hosted the International Horticultural Exposition in 2006. Since then it has also been known as the Shenyang International Expo Garden (沈阳世博园). A variety of botanical exhibitions are held throughout the year. • Meteorite Mountain Forest Park (陨石山森林公园), located in the south-east of Shenyang in Hunnan District. The biggest meteorite lies on the Huashitai Mountain of Lixiang County, and is 160 m (520 ft) long, 54 m (177 ft) wide, 42 m (138 ft) tall and about 2,000,000 t (2,200,000 short tons) in weight. It is the oldest meteorite in the world which was formed 4.5 billion years ago and fallen into the Earth 1.9 billion years ago. • Xiaonan Cathedral of Shenyang (小南天主教堂), the construction of the cathedral started in 1875 and finished in 1878. • Qipanshan Tourism Development Zone.

Shopping areas Shenyang has many shopping areas that provide necessities, luxuries and entertainments. One of the shopping districts is Middle Street (中街). Middle Street has a history of more than 100 years. In 2005, Middle Street gained the title of China top 10 famous commercial shopping streets and in 2008; it won the International Golden Street title. Middle Street is also the first commercial pedestrian street in China. Middle Street features many western-style stores and restaurants, including Wal-Mart, Pizza Hut, Louis Vuitton flagship store, Häagen-Dazs retail store, etc. The largest shopping mall in Shenyang is also located on Middle Street, selling products from all around the world.

Taiyuan Street (太原街) is another shopping area which is similar to Middle Street. Taiyuan Street many restaurants and theaters for people to enjoy. Many spend their holidays shopping on these two streets. There is also a very large underground shopping centre, offering many items, especially fashion jewelries, accessories and clothing.

Another area, Wu'ai Market (五爱市场), features a large multi-story shopping centre with a size comparable to that of many city blocks. It is famous for wholesaling cheap clothes and household items.

The information technology centre is in Sanhao street (三好街) in the southern part of the city. There are large superstores located throughout the city that sell everything from meat and dairy to clothes and electronics.

Research and education Shenyang has one of the highest concentrations of educational institutes in China. Roughly 30 colleges and universities and numerous research and training institutions are located in Shenyang, including core institutes of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.

Research institutes • Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences (中国科学院金属研究所) • Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences (中国科学院沈阳自动化研究所) • Shenyang Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所), formerly the Institute of Forestry and Pedology (林业土壤研究所) • Shenyang Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (中国科学院沈阳计算机技术研究所) • Shenyang Aircraft Design Institute (沈阳飞机设计研究所), also known as the "601 Institute" • Shenyang Aeroengine Research Institute (沈阳发动机设计研究所), also known as the "606 Institute".

Education: University • China Medical University (中国医科大学) • Liaoning University (辽宁大学) • Liaoning Communication University (辽宁传媒学院) zh:辽宁传媒学院 • Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (辽宁中医药大学) • Lu Xun Academy of Fine Arts (鲁迅美术学院) • Northeastern University (东北大学) • Shenyang Jianzhu University (沈阳建筑大学) • Shenyang University (沈阳大学) • Shenyang City University (沈阳城市学院) • Shenyang Aerospace University (沈阳航空航天大学) • Shenyang Agricultural University (沈阳农业大学) • Shenyang Conservatory of Music (沈阳音乐学院) • Shenyang Institute of Engineering (沈阳工程学院) • Shenyang Ligong University (沈阳理工大学) • Shenyang Medical College (沈阳医学院) • Shenyang Normal University (沈阳师范大学) • Shenyang Pharmaceutical University (沈阳药科大学) • Shenyang Sport University (沈阳体育学院) • Shenyang University of Chemical Technology (沈阳化工大学) • Shenyang University of Technology (沈阳工业大学).

Shenyang, Liaoning 
Shenyang, Liaoning
Image: Techyan

Shenyang is rated Beta − by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network (GaWC) which evaluates and ranks the relationships between world cities in the context of globalisation. Beta level cities are cities that link moderate economic regions to the world economy.

Shenyang is ranked #200 and rated C by the Global Urban Competitiveness Report (GUCR) which evaluates and ranks world cities in the context of economic competitiveness. C cities are international gateway cities. Shenyang was ranked #897 by the Nomad List which evaluates and ranks remote work hubs by cost, internet, fun and safety. Shenyang has a population of over 6,300,000 people. Shenyang also forms the centre of the wider Shenyang metropolitan area which has a population of over 23,000,000 people. It is also a part of the larger Liaoning province. Shenyang is ranked #849 for startups with a score of 0.159.

To set up a UBI Lab for Shenyang see: https://www.ubilabnetwork.org Twitter: https://twitter.com/UBILabNetwork

Twin Towns, Sister Cities Shenyang has links with:

🇸🇰 Banská Bystrica, Slovak Republic 🇮🇪 Belfast, Northern Ireland 🇺🇸 Chicago, USA 🇰🇷 Chuncheon, South Korea 🇰🇷 Daegu, South Korea 🇩🇪 Düsseldorf, Germany 🇰🇷 Gongju, South Korea 🇩🇪 Greifswald, Germany 🇰🇷 Gumi, South Korea 🇯🇵 Hamamatsu, Japan 🇯🇵 Hiramatsu, Japan 🇻🇳 Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam 🇰🇷 Incheon, South Korea 🇷🇺 Irkutsk, Russia 🇱🇻 Jūrmala, Latvia 🇵🇱 Katowice, Poland 🇯🇵 Kawasaki, Japan 🇦🇷 La Plata, Argentina 🇧🇷 Marabá, Brazil 🇲🇽 Monterrey, Mexico 🇷🇺 Novosibirsk, Russia 🇨🇿 Ostrava, Czech Republic 🇺🇸 Pittsburg, USA 🇵🇭 Quezon City, Philippines 🇮🇱 Ramat Gan, Israel 🇯🇵 Sapporo, Japan 🇰🇷 Seongnam, South Korea 🇰🇷 Seongnam-si, South Korea 🇬🇷 Thessaloniki, Greece 🇮🇹 Turin, Italy 🇷🇺 Ufa, Russia 🇩🇪 Wolgast, Germany 🇨🇲 Yaoundé, Cameroon
Text Atribution: Wikipedia Text under CC-BY-SA license | GaWC | GUCR | Nomad | StartupBlink

Antipodal to Shenyang is: -56.583,-41.8

Locations Near: Shenyang 123.417,41.8

🇨🇳 Dadong 123.47,41.805 d: 4.4  

🇨🇳 Hunnan 123.45,41.715 d: 9.9  

🇨🇳 Sujiatun 123.346,41.67 d: 15.6  

🇨🇳 Tiexi 123.212,41.72 d: 19.2  

🇨🇳 Benxi 123.685,41.487 d: 41.3  

🇨🇳 Fushun 123.889,41.867 d: 39.8  

🇨🇳 Tieling 123.726,42.224 d: 53.6  

🇨🇳 Liaoyang 123.176,41.279 d: 61.3  

🇨🇳 Anshan 122.994,41.108 d: 84.6  

🇨🇳 Haicheng 122.685,40.882 d: 118.9  

Antipodal to: Shenyang -56.583,-41.8

🇦🇷 Mar del Plata -57.55,-38 d: 19584.6  

🇦🇷 Tandil -59.133,-37.317 d: 19470.8  

🇦🇷 Olavarría -60.333,-36.9 d: 19382.1  

🇦🇷 Bahía Blanca -62.266,-38.718 d: 19423.7  

🇦🇷 Viedma -62.995,-40.808 d: 19468.4  

🇺🇾 Montevideo -56.198,-34.907 d: 19247.8  

🇦🇷 La Plata -57.954,-34.921 d: 19240.9  

🇦🇷 San Vicente -58.417,-35.017 d: 19244.1  

🇦🇷 Berisso -57.886,-34.873 d: 19236.5  

🇺🇾 Maldonado -54.95,-34.9 d: 19234.8  

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