Nissewaard, South Holland, Netherlands

🇳🇱 Nissewaard is a municipality in the Netherlands, located on the island of Voorne-Putten, in the south of the province of South Holland. It was created through a merger of the municipalities of 🇳🇱 Spijkenisse and Bernisse on 1 January 2015.

History Archaeological evidence suggests that the area around Spijkenisse has been inhabited for several thousand years. The area's prehistoric inhabitants depended on fishing in the Maas and hunting in the surrounding swamps for sustenance.

The oldest known reference to the name Spickenisse is in a source from 1231. Spijkenisse is a portmanteau of the words spieke (spit) and nesse (nose) meaning "pointy nose". The name is a reference to the settlement's location on a spit of land protruding into the river.

Spijkenisse formed as a farming and fishing village on a creek along the Oude Maas. It originally belonged to the Lord of Putten (whose coat of arms is now used by the city) but in 1459 the fiefdom of Putten, including Spijkenisse, was transferred to Philip III, Duke of Burgundy. In 1581, after the Dutch declaration of independence, the area came under the control of the States of Holland and West Friesland.

In the 16th century the village suffered several floods. In the 17th and 18th centuries it endured destructive fires which hampered its economic growth. In the 20th century Spijkenisse heavily urbanised as part of the Greater Rotterdam area. Contemporary Spijkenisse includes the communities of Hekelingen, Den Hoek, and Beerenplaat.

Transport Spijkenisse has a connection to the city of Rotterdam by Rotterdam Metro lines C and D, through Spijkenisse Centrum, Heemraadlaan and De Akkers stations. The metro is operated by RET.

On 2 November 2020, at about 00:30, a train ran through buffers at the end of the line and was saved from plunging 10 metres by the "Whale tails" sculpture.

There are also several bus services operated by EBS and 1 line of Connexxion to Ouddorp.

In 2011, the town built seven bridges designed by Robin Stam, replicating Robert Kalina's fictional designs on the euro banknotes.

Districts • De Akkers • Centrum • De Elementen • De Hoek • Gildenwijk • Groenewoud • Hoogwerf • Maaswijk • Schenkel • Schiekamp • Sterrenkwartier • Vierambachten • Vogelenzang • Vriesland • Waterland.

Health • Spijkenisse Medisch Centrum (former Ruwaard van Putten hospital).

Voorne-Putten Voorne-Putten is an island between the North Sea, the Brielse Meer and the rivers Oude Maas, Spui and Haringvliet in the province of South Holland. Voorne-Putten consists of the two former islands Voorne (the larger, western part) and Putten (the smaller, eastern part). It used to be separated by the river Bernisse which silted up and made the two islands one. Recently the riverbed has been dredged, and the two islands have been reformed.

The North Sea coast of Voorne is a valuable nature reserve (sand dunes), even though the northern part of the area has lost much of its estuarine character with the building of the Maasvlakte, an extension of the Port of Rotterdam, in the 1960s. The rest of the island is a mostly agricultural region. The largest town is Spijkenisse. Voorne-Putten consists of the following municipalities: • Voorne: ◦ Voorne aan Zee ◦ Nissewaard - Bernisse (Heenvliet, Abbenbroek, Oudenhoorn, and Zuidland) • Putten: ◦ Nissewaard - Bernisse (Geervliet and Simonshaven) and Spijkenisse

Voorne-Putten is separated • from the island of Rozenburg on the north by the Brielse Meer (dam and bridge) • from IJsselmonde island on the north-east by the Oude Maas (bridge and metro tunnel) • from Hoeksche Waard island on the south-east by the Spui (ferry) • from Goeree-Overflakkee island on the south by Haringvliet (dam).