Mulhouse, Haut-Rhin Département, Grand Est, France

Administration | History | Geography | Districts | Tourist Industry | Principal economic activities | Education | Transport : Air : Rail : Urban : Road | Sport

🇫🇷 Mulhouse is a subprefecture of the Haut-Rhin department in the Grand Est region of Eastern France, close to the Swiss and German borders. It is the largest city in Haut-Rhin and second largest in Alsace. Mulhouse is the principal commune of the 39 communes which make up the communauté d'agglomération of Mulhouse Alsace Agglomération.

Mulhouse is famous for its museums, especially the Cité de l'Automobile (also known as the Musée national de l'automobile, 'National Museum of the Automobile') and the Cité du Train (also known as Musée Français du Chemin de Fer, 'French Museum of the Railway'), respectively the largest automobile and railway museums in the world. An industrial town nicknamed "the French Manchester", Mulhouse is also the main seat of the Upper Alsace University, where the secretariat of the European Physical Society is found.

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Administration Mulhouse commune is the principal commune of the 39 communes which make up the communauté d'agglomération of Mulhouse Alsace Agglomération (m2A).

Mulhouse commune is a subprefecture, the administrative centre of the Arrondissement of Mulhouse. It is one of the most populated sub-prefectures in France.

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History In 58 BC a battle took place west of Mulhouse and opposed the Roman army of Julius Caesar by a coalition of Germans led by Ariovistus. The first written records of the town date from the twelfth century. It was part of the southern Alsatian county of Sundgau in the Holy Roman Empire. From 1354 to 1515, Mulhouse was part of the Décapole, an association of ten Free Imperial Cities in Alsace. The city joined the Swiss Confederation as an associate in 1515 and was therefore not annexed by France in the Peace of Westphalia in 1648 like the rest of the Sundgau. An enclave in Alsace, it was a free and independent Calvinist republic, known as Stadtrepublik Mülhausen, associated with the Swiss Confederation until, after a vote by its citizens on 4 January 1798, it became a part of France in the Treaty of Mulhouse signed on 28 January 1798, during the Directory period of the French Revolution.

Starting in the middle of the eighteenth century, the Koechlin family pioneered cotton cloth manufacturing; Mulhouse became one of France's leading textile centres in the nineteenth century. André Koechlin (1789–1875) built machinery and started making railroad equipment in 1842. The firm in 1839 already employed 1,800 people. It was one of the six large French locomotive constructors until the merger with Elsässische Maschinenbau-Gesellschaft Grafenstaden in 1872, when the company became Société Alsacienne de Constructions Mécaniques.

After the Prussian victory in the Franco-Prussian War (1870–1871), Mulhouse was annexed to the German Empire as part of the territory of Alsace-Lorraine (1871–1918). The city was briefly occupied by French troops on 8 August 1914 at the start of World War I, but they were forced to withdraw two days later in the Battle of Mulhouse. Alsatians who celebrated the appearance of the French army were left to face German reprisals, with several citizens sentenced to death. After World War I ended in 1918, French troops entered Alsace, and Germany ceded the region to France under the Treaty of Versailles. After the Battle of France in 1940, it was occupied by German forces until its return to French control at the end of World War II in May 1945.

The town's development was stimulated first by the expansion of the textile industry and tanning, and subsequently by chemical and Engineering industries from the mid 18th century. Mulhouse was for a long time called the French Manchester. Consequently, the town has enduring links with Louisiana, from which it imported cotton, and also with the Levant. The town's history also explains why its centre is relatively small.

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Geography Two rivers run through Mulhouse, the Doller and the Ill, both tributaries of the Rhine. Mulhouse is approximately 100 km (62 miles) from Strasbourg and Zürich; it is 350 km (217 mi) from Milan and about 340 km (211 mi) from Frankfurt. It lies close enough to Basel, Switzerland and Freiburg, Germany to share the EuroAirPort international airport with these two cities.

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Districts Medieval Mulhouse consists essentially of a lower and an upper town. • The lower town was formerly the inner city district of merchants and craftsmen. It developed around the Place de la Réunion (which commemorates its reunion with France). Nowadays this area is pedestrianised. • The upper town developed from the eighteenth century on. Previously, several monastic orders were established there, notably the Franciscans, Augustinians, Poor Clares and Knights of Malta. • The Nouveau Quartier (New District) is the best example of urban planning in Mulhouse, and was developed from 1826 on, after the town walls had been torn down (as they were in many towns in France). It is focused around the Place de la République. Its network of streets and its triangular shape are a good demonstration of the town's desire for a planned layout. The planning was undertaken by the architects G. Stolz and Félix Fries. This inner city district was occupied by rich families and the owners of local industries, who tended to be liberal and republican in their opinions. • The Rebberg district consists of grand houses inspired by the colonnaded residences of Louisiana cotton planters. Originally, this was the town's vineyard (the word Rebe meaning vine in German). The houses here were built as terraces in the English style, a result of the town's close relationship with Manchester, where the sons of industrialists were often sent to study.

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Tourist Industry • Hôtel de Ville (1552). The town hall was built in 1553 in the Rhenish Renaissance style. Montaigne described it as a "palais magnifique et tout doré" ("splendid golden palace") in 1580. It is known for its trompe-l'œil paintings, and its pictures of allegories representing the vices and virtues. • Workers' quarter (mid 19th century), inspired workers' quarters in many other industrial towns. • Place de la Bourse and the building of the Société Industrielle de Mulhouse, in the Nouveau Quartier (19th century) • Cité de l'Automobile (featuring the Schlumpf collection) • Cité du Train successor to Musée Français du Chemin de Fer (French National Railway Museum) • Museum of Electricity (Electropolis) • Musée des Beaux-Arts (Fine Arts Museum) • Musée historique (History Museum, located in th Hôtel de Ville • Museum of Printed Textiles (Musée de l'impression sur étoffes) • The Parc Zoologique et Botanique de Mulhouse (botanical garden and zoo) • Saint-Steffen Calvinist temple (1859–1869), by Jean-Baptiste Schacre

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Principal economic activities As early as the mid-19th century, Mulhouse was known as "the industrial capital of Alsace", the "city with a hundred chimneys" (cité aux cent cheminées) and "the French Manchester". • Automobile industry (Peugeot's Mulhouse factory is the largest employer in Alsace) • Chemical industry (ICMD) • Electronics (Clemessy) • Engineering (SACM – Wärtsilä)

Between 1909 and 1914 there was an aircraft manufacturer, Aviatik, in Mulhouse.

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Education The École nationale supérieure de chimie de Mulhouse, the first school of Chemistry in France, is located in the city.

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Transport: Air Mulhouse is served by EuroAirport Basel-Mulhouse-Freiburg, located 25 km (16 mi) south of the town.

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Transport: Rail Gare de Mulhouse is well connected with the rest of France by train, including major destinations such as Paris, Dijon, Besançon, Belfort, Strasbourg, Lyon, Marseille, Montpellier and Lille. Some trains operate to destinations in Switzerland, in particular proximity Basel, Bern and Zürich. There is also a train service to Frankfurt am Main in Germany, and a Eurocity service that connects Brussels, Luxembourg, Strasbourg and Basel calls at Mulhouse.

Regional services connect Mulhouse to Colmar, Strasbourg, Basel, Belfort, Kruth and Freiburg im Breisgau.

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Transport: Urban Transport within Mulhouse is provided by Soléa and comprises a network of buses together with the city's tram network, which opened on 13 May 2006. The tramway now consists of three tram lines and one tram-train line. • Line 2 from Nouveau Bassin to Coteaux • Line 1 from Gare Centrale to Châtaignier • Line 3 from Gare Centrale to Lutterbach • Tram-train line from Gare Centrale to Thann via Lutterbach

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Transport: Road Motorway A36 is the main axis connecting the city with the west of the country, to cities such as Dijon, Paris and Lyon. The A35 is the main north–south axis, connecting cities such as Strasbourg and Basel.

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Sport Mulhouse is one of the nation's hubs for women's volleyball. ASPTT Mulhouse won multiple titles at the National level. The team plays its home games at the Palais des Sports.

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Mulhouse, Haut-Rhin Département, Grand Est, France 
<b>Mulhouse, Haut-Rhin Département, Grand Est, France</b>
Image: Adobe Stock anecaroline #369562720

Mulhouse has a population of over 108,942 people. Mulhouse also forms the centre of the wider Mulhouse Arrondissement which has a population of over 284,739 people. It is also a part of the larger Haut-Rhin Département.

To set up a UBI Lab for Mulhouse see: https://www.ubilabnetwork.org Twitter: https://twitter.com/UBILabNetwork

Twin Towns, Sister Cities Mulhouse has links with:

🇧🇪 Antwerp, Belgium 🇮🇹 Bergamo, Italy 🇩🇪 Chemnitz, Germany 🇮🇱 Givatayim, Israel 🇨🇳 Jining, China 🇩🇪 Kassel, Germany 🇮🇹 Palosco, Italy 🇷🇴 Timișoara, Romania 🏴󠁧󠁢󠁥󠁮󠁧󠁿 Walsall, England
Text Atribution: Wikipedia Text under CC-BY-SA license

Antipodal to Mulhouse is: -172.664,-47.75

Locations Near: Mulhouse 7.3357,47.7501

🇫🇷 Altkirch 7.239,47.623 d: 15.8  

🇫🇷 Thann 7.099,47.812 d: 19  

🇨🇭 Basel 7.588,47.558 d: 28.5  

🇫🇷 Colmar 7.358,48.079 d: 36.6  

🇩🇪 Lörrach 7.667,47.617 d: 28.9  

🇨🇭 Delémont 7.35,47.367 d: 42.6  

🇨🇭 Arlesheim 7.617,47.483 d: 36.4  

🇫🇷 Ribeauvillé 7.32,48.2 d: 50  

🇨🇭 Liestal 7.726,47.485 d: 41.5  

🇫🇷 Belfort 6.852,47.64 d: 38.2  

Antipodal to: Mulhouse -172.664,-47.75

🇹🇴 Nuku'alofa -175.216,-21.136 d: 17046.9  

🇦🇸 Pago Pago -170.701,-14.279 d: 16288.9  

🇼🇸 Apia -171.76,-13.833 d: 16242.7  

🇵🇫 Papeete -149.566,-17.537 d: 16052.9  

🇺🇸 Hilo -155.089,19.725 d: 12309.7  

🇺🇸 Maui -156.446,20.72 d: 12231  

🇺🇸 Maui County -156.617,20.868 d: 12218.5  

🇺🇸 Wailuku -156.505,20.894 d: 12213.3  

🇺🇸 Kahului -156.466,20.891 d: 12212.8  

🇺🇸 Honolulu -157.85,21.3 d: 12195.6  

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