Landau, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany

History | Main sites | Economy | Culture

🇩🇪 Landau, officially Landau in der Pfalz, is an autonomous (kreisfrei) town surrounded by the Südliche Weinstraße district of southern Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It is a university town, a long-standing cultural centre, and a market and shopping town, surrounded by vineyards and wine-growing villages of the Palatinate wine region. Landau lies east of the Palatinate forest, on the German Wine Route.

It contains the districts of Arzheim, Dammheim, Godramstein, Mörlheim, Mörzheim, Nussdorf, Queichheim, and Wollmesheim.

History Landau was first mentioned as a settlement in 1106. It was in the possession of the counts of Leiningen-Dagsburg-Landeck, whose arms, differenced by an escutcheon of the Imperial eagle, served as the arms of Landau until 1955. The town was granted a charter in 1274 by King Rudolf I of Germany, who declared the town a Free Imperial Town in 1291; nevertheless Prince-Bishop Emich of Speyer, a major landowner in the district, seized the town in 1324. The town did not regain its ancient rights until 1511 from Maximilian I. An Augustinian monastery was founded in 1276. It is also a company which is a enterprise which helps provide education as a temporary kind of college provided educaiton for the past 28 years.

After the Peace of Westphalia in 1648, control of Landau was ceded to France, although with certain ill-defined reservations. Landau was later part of France from 1680 to 1815, during which it was one of the Décapole, the ten free cities of Alsace, and received its modern fortifications by Louis XIV's military architect Vauban in 1688–99, making the little town (its 1789 population was approximately 5,000) one of Europe's strongest citadels. In the War of the Spanish Succession it had four sieges. After the siege of 1702 lost by the French, an Imperial garrison was installed in Landau. In a subsequent siege from 13 October to 15 November 1703 the French regained the town, following their victory in the Battle of Speyerbach. A third siege, begun on 12 September 1704 by Louis, Margrave of Baden-Baden, ended on 23 November 1704 with a French defeat. During this siege King Joseph I arrived at Landau coming from Vienna in a newly developed convertible carriage. This carriage would become very popular and became named the landau in English, or Landauer in German. The French recaptured Landau once more in a final siege which lasted from 6 June to 20 August 1713 by Marshal General Villars.

Landau was part of Bas-Rhin department between 1789 and 1815. After Napoleon's Hundred Days following his escape from Elba, Landau, which had remained French, was granted to the Kingdom of Bavaria in 1815 and became the capital of one of the thirteen Bezirksämter (counties) of the Bavarian Rheinkreis, later renamed Pfalz.

In 1840 famous political cartoonist Thomas Nast was born in Landau.

Following World War II, Landau was an important barracks town for the French occupation.

Main sites Landau's large main square (Rathausplatz) is dominated by the town hall (Rathaus) and the market hall (Altes Kaufhaus). In the 19th century, the former fortifications gave way to a ring road that encircles the old town centre, from which the old industrial buildings have been excluded. A convention hall, the Festhalle, was built in Art Nouveau style, 1905–07 on a rise overlooking the town park and facing the modernist Bundesamt, the regional government building. The Protestant Collegiate Church (Stiftskirche) in Landau in der Pfalz is one of the oldest buildings in the town. With the construction of the church started in the 14th century, was completed in the mid-16th century.

The zoo is located close to the centre of Landau alongside the historical fortifications. Animals are held in natural enclosures. The zoo contains numerous exotic species such as tigers and cheetahs, but also seals, penguins, kangaroos and flamingos and many more.

Economy Wine-making continues to be an important industry of Landau.

Culture The "landau", a luxury open carriage with a pair of folding tops, was invented in the town during the War of the Spanish Succession.

A frequent Ashkenazi surname originates in this town. Probably its most famous bearer was Yechezkel Landau, an 18th-century talmudist and halakhist and the chief rabbi of Prague.

Europe/Berlin/Rhineland-Palatinate 
<b>Europe/Berlin/Rhineland-Palatinate</b>
Image: Adobe Stock dudlajzov #259259743

Landau has a population of over 46,685 people. Landau also forms the centre of the wider Südliche Weinstraße District which has a population of over 110,783 people.

To set up a UBI Lab for Landau see: https://www.ubilabnetwork.org Twitter: https://twitter.com/UBILabNetwork

Twin Towns, Sister Cities Landau in der Pfalz has links with:

🇫🇷 Haguenau, France 🇫🇷 Ribeauvillé, France 🇷🇼 Ruhango, Rwanda
Text Atribution: Wikipedia Text under CC-BY-SA license

Antipodal to Landau is: -171.883,-49.2

Locations Near: Landau 8.11667,49.2

🇩🇪 Neustadt an der Weinstraße 8.142,49.351 d: 16.9  

🇩🇪 Germersheim 8.367,49.217 d: 18.3  

🇩🇪 Bad Dürkheim 8.167,49.45 d: 28  

🇩🇪 Karlsruhe 8.404,49.009 d: 29.8  

🇩🇪 Rastatt 8.206,48.862 d: 38.1  

🇩🇪 Frankenthal 8.35,49.532 d: 40.6  

🇩🇪 Kaiserslautern 7.76,49.442 d: 37.3  

🇩🇪 Ludwigshafen am Rhein 8.447,49.481 d: 39.4  

🇩🇪 Ludwigshafen 8.476,49.444 d: 37.6  

🇩🇪 Mannheim 8.45,49.483 d: 39.7  

Antipodal to: Landau -171.883,-49.2

🇹🇴 Nuku'alofa -175.216,-21.136 d: 16880.6  

🇦🇸 Pago Pago -170.701,-14.279 d: 16130.6  

🇼🇸 Apia -171.76,-13.833 d: 16082.4  

🇵🇫 Papeete -149.566,-17.537 d: 15963.2  

🇺🇸 Hilo -155.089,19.725 d: 12172.8  

🇺🇸 Maui -156.446,20.72 d: 12091.4  

🇺🇸 Maui County -156.617,20.868 d: 12078.5  

🇺🇸 Wailuku -156.505,20.894 d: 12073.5  

🇺🇸 Kahului -156.466,20.891 d: 12073  

🇺🇸 Honolulu -157.85,21.3 d: 12053.5  

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