Jingzhou, Hubei Province, China

🇨🇳 Jingzhou (荆州) is a prefecture-level city in southern Hubei province, China, located on the banks of the Yangtze River. Its built-up (or metro) area is made up of two urban districts.

Jingzhou's central urban area has grown out of Shashi City and Jingzhou Town (historically also known as Jiangling); their names were preserved in the names of Shashi District and Jingzhou District, which include the city's historical centre, as well as Jiangling County, which administers the suburban areas of the larger historical area of Jiangling. The name "Shashi" also remains in the names of a number of local facilities, such as Shashi Airport and a railway freight station.

Geography Jingzhou occupies an area of 14,067 square km (5,431 sq mi) with a topography rising from east to west. It is covered by a dense network of waterways, as well as lakes, and is located in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River on the Jianghan Plain. Downstream to its east lies Wuhan, the provincial capital, and to the west lies the city of Yichang, the Three Gorges, and Chongqing Municipality. Jingmen City, also in Hubei, lies to the north; to its south are Yueyang and Changde, both in Hunan Province. 12.42% of the city's area is forested.

Administration The prefecture-level city of Jingzhou has jurisdiction over two districts, three county-level cities, three counties and one economic and technological development zone.

Economy As of 2019, Jingzhou has a GDP of ¥251.648 billion, which grew at an annual rate of 7.5%. 17.3% of the city's GDP came from its primary sector, 37.1% came from its secondary sector, and 45.6% came from its tertiary sector. As of 2019, most of the city's economic growth is derived from its secondary and tertiary sectors, which grew at an annual rate of 8.1% and 8.8%, respectively. The city's residents had a per capita disposable income of ¥26,543, a 9.8% annual increase. Urban residents had a per capita disposable income of ¥35,910, while rural residents averaged ¥18,893 in disposable income. Jingzhou's per capita disposable income grew 10.2% for urban areas, and 9.2% for rural areas.

Agriculture

The size of Jingzhou's agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, and aquaculture sector in 2019 totaled ¥76.645 billion. The city produced 4.5117 million tons of grain, 433 thousand tons of vegetable oil, 38,000 tons of cotton, and 3.1332 million tons of vegetables. In 2019, 2.9777 million heads of swine, and 63.9012 million heads of poultry were slaughtered in Jingzhou. 1.1195 million tons of aquaculture products were produced, with 45.77% (512.4 thousand tons) of this comprising shrimp and crabs.

Economy: Industry In 2019, Jingzhou saw a 2.3% decline in light industry output, and a 17.0% rise in heavy industry output. The size of the city's state-owned economy shrunk 3.4%, its collectively-owned economy grew 2.4%, and its privately owned economy grew 7.2%.

One of Jingzhou's most prominent industries is its construction industry, which earned ¥29.877 billion in 2019. As of 2019, the city has 385 construction firms.

Economy: Retail In 2019, Jingzhou's consumer retail sales totaled ¥144.735 billion. Consumer retail sales grew at an annual rate of 11.5%.

Insurance In 2019, the city's insurance industry made ¥16.293 billion in revenue off of premiums, a 15.0% increase from the previous year. Of this, ¥12.213 billion came from personal insurance, and ¥4.08 billion came from property insurance, an increase of 12.7% and 22.3% from 2018, respectively. Jingzhou's insurance industry paid 5.171 billion in compensation, a 1.8% increase from the previous year.

Foreign trade In 2019, Jingzhou conducted 1.697 billion USD in foreign trade, a 6.8% decline from the previous year. Of this, imports accounted for 0.335 billion USD, and exports accounted for 1.363 billion USD.

History Jingzhou has been inhabited for approximately 5,000 to 6,000 years, with the historic Daxi culture residing in present-day Jingzhou. Situated in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, the area has been a strategic location of military importance since ancient times.

The area of present-day Jingzhou was where the State of Chu was founded. Ying, an ancient city within the borders of present-day Jingzhou, became the capital of the State of Chu in 689 BCE, and remained as such for over 400 years, including during the Spring and Autumn and Warring States periods of the Zhou dynasty.

During the Han dynasty and Three Kingdoms era, Jingzhou was known as Nanjun due to it being the seat of Nanjun district.

The city was lost to Eastern Wu by Guan Yu during the Three Kingdoms period leading to the modern phrase "dàyì shī Jīngzhōu" (大意失荆州), lit. 'carelessness lost Jingzhou'.

Under the Tang dynasty, it served as the southern capital and was known as Nandu (南都; 'south capital').

Later on, Jiangling was the capital of the Southern Qi and Liang dynasties. It was the capital of the small Jingnan Kingdom (also known as Nanping) that existed from 924 to 963 during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period.

Jingzhou was the site of one of the last major battles between Republican and Qing forces during the Xinhai Revolution in 1911. At the end of the Qing dynasty, Jingzhou had one of the largest Manchu populations, around half of the city, anywhere outside Beijing.

In July 1949, the area was taken by the People's Liberation Army.

On September 29, 1994, Jiangling County and Shashi City were merged to create the prefecture-level city of Jingsha. On November 20, 1996, Jingsha was renamed to Jingzhou.

Sights Numerous sites have been preserved from the Chu State period, including the ruins of five Chu cities, 73 sites featuring Chu Culture and more than 800 ancient tombs, including those of 18 Chu kings.

There are also historical sites dating to the Three Kingdoms period, such as the Wulin Battlefield (where the Battle of Red Cliffs took place) and the Huarong Path.

The city walls were rebuilt in 1646 and measure 9 metres (30 ft) high and 10 metres (33 ft) thick. The perimeter of the wall extends for 10.17 km (6.32 mi). The city walls, city gates, watchtowers, and battlements have all been well maintained. Many of the towers on top of the majestic city gates have been damaged or rebuilt, leaving only the Chaozong Tower which was rebuilt in 1838 on the Gongji Gate.

The Jingzhou Museum has on display a well-preserved 2,000-year-old male corpse, as well as silk and lacquerware from the Warring States period.

The Statue of Guan Yu was completed in 2016.

Cuisine Jingzhou is home to unique breakfast items. The city has a unique style of guokui, a Chinese flatbread, as well as a unique style of rice noodles.

Education There are 1,243 schools in Jingzhou, attended by about 707,300 students, as of 2019. Of this, there are 15 secondary vocational schools attended by 28,600 students, 53 general secondary schools attended by 82,800 students, 123 general junior high schools attended by 146,000 students, 396 primary schools attended by 308,500 students, 8 special education schools attended by 1,151 students, and 587 kindergartens attended by 140,300 students. The city's education system is staffed by about 53,400 faculty.

In addition to schools, Jingzhou has 176 cultural institutions staffed by 1,168 employees, and 8 public libraries which house 1.382 million books.

Healthcare As of the end of 2019, Jingzhou has 3,155 medical institutions, staffed by 42,422 employees, and 32,686 hospital beds.

Transport • G50 Shanghai–Chongqing Expressway • G55 Erenhot–Guangzhou Expressway • China National Highway 207 • China National Highway 318 • Jingzhou Railway Station on the Wuhan-Yichang Railway, with frequent passenger service to Yichang and Wuhan • Jingmen-Shashi Railway (freight only) • Jingzhou Shashi Airport in Shashi district.