๐ท๐บ Bolgar (ะะพะปะณะฐั; ะะพะปะณะฐั) is a town and the administrative centre of Spassky District in the Republic of Tatarstan, Russia, located on the left bank of the Volga River, 140 km (87ย mi) from Kazan. It was previously known as Spassk (until 1926), Spassk-Tatarsky (until 1935), Kuybyshev (until 1991).
1History The excavated monuments of Bolghar, the medieval capital of Volga Bulgaria, are within easy reach from the town. The modern town of Spassk (ะกะฟะฐััะบ) was formed from the village of Spassk (Chertykovo) on the bank of Bezdna River in 1781. It was renamed Spassk-Tatarsky (ะกะฟะฐััะบ-ะขะฐัะฐััะบะธะน) in 1926, then Kuybyshev ะัะนะฑััะตะฒ), in honor of Valerian Kuybyshev, in 1935, before getting its present name in 1991. It served as a district administrative centre since 1930.
In 1957, due to the construction of Kuybyshev Reservoir and flooding of the original Spassk, the town was moved from the place of its foundation closer to historical Bolgar.
In 1991, the town changed its name to Bolgar in honor of the remains of the medieval city of Bolghar (Bolgar Historical and Archaeological Complex) located nearby.
Since 2010, on the initiative and the supervision of the first president of the Republic of Tatarstan Mintimer Shaimiev, the complex programme 'Cultural Heritage - Island-Town of Sviyazhsk and Ancient Bolgar' has been implemented in Bolgar. The programme involves the conservation of architectural and archaeological heritage of Bolgar and the development of its touristic infrastructure. The programme has the following results: โข Key architectural monuments as Small Minaret, Cathedral Mosque, Khan's Shrine, Eastern Mausoleum, Northern Mausoleum, Eastern Chamber, Assumption Church were conserved; โข Key archaeological ruins as Khan's Palace, Bath No2, Pottery Kilns were conserved; โข Tourism and research infrastructure, including a River Station with the Museum of Bulgarian Civilization, Memorial Sign in honor of the adoption of Islam in the Volga Bulgaria, White Mosque, Healer's House and Crafts Workshops, International Centre for Archaeological Research, International Archaeological School, Museum of Bread, were constructed; โข New museum expositions, including an Open-Air Museum on Turkic-Tatar Writing and Medieval Crafts of the City of Bolgar Ground were created; โข Several houses on Nazarovykh and Mukhamedyara Streets were conserved, which are currently re-used as a cafe and museums; โข Volga Riverside from the River station to the Saint Abraham's Well was improved and enhanced with interactive education facilities on Bolgar heritage.
1Geography: Administrative status Within the framework of administrative divisions, Bolgar serves as the administrative centre of Spassky District, to which it is directly subordinated. As a municipal division, the town of Bolgar, together with the selo of Bolgary, is incorporated within Spassky Municipal District as Bolgar Urban Settlement.
1Economy As of 1997, the town's industrial enterprises included a meat factory, a bakery, a brewery, a clothing factory, and a forestry farm. The nearest railway station is Cherdakly on the UlyanovskโUfa line, 71 km (44ย mi) south of Bolgar.
Since 2010, the tourism flow to Bolgar has increased about 20 times: in 2010 Bolgar was visited by 50 000 tourists, in 2018 the annual visitation number has reached 541 000. In 2016, Bolgar became the most popular touristic towns of Russia.
1Demographics As of 1989, the population was ethnically mostly Russian (83.4%), Tatar (12.9%), and Chuvash (2.1%).
As of 2018, the town is on the 989 place from 1113 cities and towns of the Russian Federation in terms of the number of its inhabitants.
1Attractions The town is bordering the Bolgar Historical and Archaeological Complex World Heritage site. The property was inscribed to the World Heritage List in 2014 in accordance with criteria (ii) and (vi). Its architectural and archaeological heritage is considered evidence of the medieval city of Bolgar, which existed in the 7-15th centuries as a key political centre of the Volga Bulgaria and the first capital of the Golden Horde. The property also has a significant religious value as a symbolic place of the adoption of Islam by the Volga Bulgaria in 922 and serves as a pilgrimage place for Tatar Muslims. The following historic monuments are located in the complex: โข Northern Mausoluem โข Eastern Mausoleum โข Cathedral Mosque โข Big Minaret (Reconstruction) โข Assumption Church (currently operates as the Museum of the History of the Assumption Church) โข Small Minaret and Khan's Shrine โข Khan's Palace โข Black Chamber โข Eastern Chamber โข White Chamber โข Bath House No 2 โข Bath House No 3 โข Red Chamber
The Bolgar Historical and Archaeological Complex is managed by the Bolgar State Historical and Architectural Museum-Reserve, which museums are located inside of the property: โข Museum of the Bulgarian Civilization โข Quran Museum (Memorial Sign in honor of adoption of Islam by the Volga Bulgaria) โข Healer's House Museum โข Museum of the History of the Assumption Church โข Turkic-Tatar Writing Open Air Museum โข Bolgar Tea Party Museum โข Town on a River Museum โข Museum of the Nobility of Spassky Uyezd โข Abdulla Alish Museum โข Interactive Historic Riverside โข Saint Abraham's Well
There are several attractions located close to the Bolgar Historical and Archaeological Complex: โข Museum of Bread โข Small Town โข Camel Farm.
1Bolgar has a population of over 8,476 people. Bolgar also forms part of the wider Spassky District which has a population of over 19,283 people. It is also a part of the larger Tatarstan Republic. Bolgar is situated near Kazan.
๐ด๓ ง๓ ข๓ ฅ๓ ฎ๓ ง๓ ฟ Newcastle-upon-Tyne 54.978
๐ด๓ ง๓ ข๓ ฅ๓ ฎ๓ ง๓ ฟ Newcastle upon Tyne 54.979
๐ด๓ ง๓ ข๓ ฅ๓ ฎ๓ ง๓ ฟ Newcastle 54.979
๐ด๓ ง๓ ข๓ ฅ๓ ฎ๓ ง๓ ฟ South Shields 54.983
๐ด๓ ง๓ ข๓ ฅ๓ ฎ๓ ง๓ ฟ Wallsend 54.991
๐ด๓ ง๓ ข๓ ฅ๓ ฎ๓ ง๓ ฟ North Tyneside 55.012
๐ท๐บ Novosibirsky District 55.017
๐ด๓ ง๓ ข๓ ฅ๓ ฎ๓ ง๓ ฟ South Tyneside 54.964
๐ด๓ ง๓ ข๓ ฅ๓ ฎ๓ ง๓ ฟ Tyneside 54.964
๐ด๓ ง๓ ข๓ ฅ๓ ฎ๓ ง๓ ฟ Gateshead 54.962
๐ฎ๐ช Letterkenny 54.957
๐ด๓ ง๓ ข๓ ฅ๓ ฎ๓ ง๓ ฟ Sunderland 54.905
๐ด๓ ง๓ ข๓ ฅ๓ ฎ๓ ง๓ ฟ Washington 54.9
๐ท๐บ Almetyevsk 54.895
๐ฒ๐ฌ Antsiranana 49.283
Locations Near: Bolgar 49.0167,54.9667
๐ท๐บ Kazanโ 49.1,55.783 d: 91
๐ท๐บ Kazan 49.112,55.796 d: 92.4
๐ท๐บ Ulyanovsk 48.367,54.317 d: 83.5
๐ท๐บ Zelenodolsk 48.517,55.85 d: 103.2
๐ท๐บ Tolyatti 49.421,53.509 d: 164.2
๐ท๐บ Syzran 48.479,53.158 d: 204.2
๐ท๐บ Novocheboksarsk 47.493,56.122 d: 160.3
๐ท๐บ Yoshkar-Ola 47.898,56.631 d: 197.9
๐ท๐บ Novokuybyshevsk 49.941,53.094 d: 216.8
Antipodal to: Bolgar -130.983,-54.967
๐ต๐ซ Papeete -149.566,-17.537 d: 15562.5
๐น๐ด Nuku'alofa -175.216,-21.136 d: 14762
๐ฆ๐ธ Pago Pago -170.701,-14.279 d: 14348.7
๐ผ๐ธ Apia -171.76,-13.833 d: 14250.8
๐จ๐ฑ Port Montt -72.933,-41.467 d: 15605.1
๐จ๐ฑ Puerto Montt -72.933,-41.467 d: 15605.1
๐จ๐ฑ Osorno -73.133,-40.567 d: 15552.6
๐จ๐ฑ Coyhaique -72.067,-45.567 d: 15833
๐จ๐ฑ Valdivia -73.233,-39.8 d: 15502.6
๐จ๐ฑ Punta Arenas -70.91,-53.162 d: 16211.7