São José de Mipibu, Rio Grande do Norte, Northeast Region, Brazil

🇧🇷 São José de Mipibu is a municipality in the state of Rio Grande do Norte in the Northeast region of Brazil.

History Mipibu is a word of Tupi origin that means to arise subtly. In 1630 there was a village in the territory, whose name was Mopebu, the largest, most populous and the main among the six villages of the Captaincy of Rio Grande do Norte. In the report of the bragantino Adriano Wedouche it was stated that "there were in the captaincy five or six villages that gathered could count from 700 to 750 flecheiros Indians and that the main arrow was called Mopebu". It was this village that gave rise to the name of the municipality.

The first inhabitants of the region were Tupi Indians, who were located in the vicinity of the Mipibu River, which received its name for suddenly appearing in the famous Fonte da Bica and traveling for four kilometers, until it flows into the Trairi River. In an early process of organization and signs of settlement, the village began to be coordinated by the Capuchin friars, at the end of the 17th century, until the year 1762, when the village of São José do Rio Grande do Norte was installed. In this period, with the departure of the Capuchins, the coordination of the destinies of the community was taken over by the natives themselves.

The creation of the municipality was through the license of May 3, 1758, installed on February 22, 1762, with the procedure of Vila de São José do Rio Grande, in a joint tribute to São José and Prince D. José Francisco Xavier. On October 16, 1845, the village of São José do Rio Grande was elevated to the category of city, being renamed the city of Mipibu. After ten years the city received the name of São José de Mipibu, in a union between religiosity and the famous river that emerges from the earth in a surprising way.

Geography In the Brazilian territorial division made by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) in 2017, São José de Mipibu belongs to the intermediate and immediate geographical regions of Natal. Until then, in the division into mesoregions and microregions that had been in force since 1989, the municipality was part of the microregion of Macaíba, one of the four microregions forming the mesoregion of Leste Potiguar.It is 38 km from the centre of Natal, state capital,and 2 370 km from the national federal, Brasília.Its territorial area is 289,987 km² (5491% of the state surface) of which 5.458 km² in urban area. It is limited to the north by Macaíba and Parnamirim; to the south by Arez, Brejinho, Espírito Santo and Jundiá; to the east by Nísia Floresta and to the west by Monte Alegre and Vera Cruz.

The relief of São José de Mipibu is largely inserted in the coastal boards, also called lowered plateaus, presenting altitudes of less than one hundred meters, occurring, on the banks of the rivers, the river plains, subject to flooding in periods of flood. Geologically, these plains have deposits of sand and gravel interspersed with pelitic sedimentary rocks, originating in the Quaternary period, with the rest of the municipality in the Barreiras Group, consisting of clay sediments, sandstones and silt formed in the Upper Tertiary period, surrounded by undifferentiated coluvial sandy covers.

The predominant soil is the latosol, of the dystrophic red-yellow type, very drained and deep, porous and presenting medium texture, with balanced contents of sand, clay and silt, but not very fertile. On the banks of the Trairi River are the alluvial soils, with texture formed by the mixture of sand and clay and, compared to the latosols, are more fertile, but less drained and with lower depth.There is also a small area of dystrophic quartz sand to the north-east. Both this and the alluvial soils constitute the neossolos in the new Brazilian soil classification, while the latosols remained with the denomination.

São José de Mipibu is in a transition area between the biomes of the Atlantic Forest and caatinga, having 81% of its territory inserted in the first and the remaining 19% in the second. The Atlantic Forest, of greater size, presents itself in the forms of subperennial forest (whose species have slender trunks and a large number of leaves) and floodplain fields (in the humid floodplains, consisting of herbaceous species, such as reed and periperi).Part of the Mipibu territory is in the Bonfim-Guaraíras Environmental Protection Area, created by state decree on March 22, 1999. This conservation unit covers an area of 42,000 hectares and covers parts of the municipalities of Arez, Goianinha, Nísia Floresta, São José de Mipibu, Senator Georgino Avelino and Tibau do Sul.

Cut by the Araraí, Cajupiranga, Trairi and Urucará rivers, São José de Mipibu has 61.81% of its territory in the Trairi river basin and the remaining 38.19% in the Pirangi river basin. The local hydrography is also marked by the streams of Brejo, Defuntos, Mendes, Pinho and Taborda, in addition to the Jacaracica and Passagem dos Cavalos lagoons. The climate, in turn, is rainy tropical, with a rainfall regime concentrated in the autumn-winter months.

Infrastructure The service of water supply of São José de Mipibu is made by the Autonomous Water and Sewage Service (SAAE),and the concessionaire responsible for the supply of electric energy is the Energy Company of Rio Grande do Norte (COSERN), of the Neoenergia Group, present in all municipalities of Rio Grande do Norte.The rated network voltage is 220 volts.In 2010, the municipality had 90.89% of its households with piped water,98.62% with electricityand 77.98% with collection oftrash.

In 2017, in the last National Basic Sanitation Survey (PNSB), the city's water supply network was 91 km long, with 9,918 connections or savings, of which 9 415 are residential. On average, 4 211 m³/day were treated, of which 3,355 m³ arrived at the places of consumption, resulting in a loss rate of 20.3%. The per capita consumption index reached 338.3 liters per day per economy.

The area code (DDD) of São José de Mipibu is 084and the main Postal Address Code (ZIP) is 59182-000.There is coverage of four telephone operators in the city: Of course, Hi, TIMand I live,all with technology in up to4G. In the last census, 71.64% of households had only a telephone cell phone, 8.42% cell phone andlandline, 1.05% only landline and 18.89% did not have any.A municipal fleet in 2020 was 13,927 vehicles, most of them formed by cars and motorcycles.Through São José de Mipibu passes the federal highway BR-101,that crosses Grande Natal, in addition to the state highways RN-063 and RN-315.